Abstract
Optimizing the herbicide dose by the addition of adjuvants is an acceptable way to reduce the risk of side‐effects from herbicides. Therefore, to detect a suitable adjuvant for diclofop‐methyl, cycloxydim, and clodinafop‐propargyl against littleseed canarygrass ( Phalaris minor ) and wild oat ( Avena ludoviciana ), six dose–response experiments were conducted. The treatments consisted of diclofop‐methyl at 0, 112, 225, 450, 675, and 900 g ai ha −1 , cycloxydim at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 g ai ha −1 , and clodinafop‐propargyl at 0, 8, 16, 32, 48, and 64 g ai ha −1 with and without the adjuvants of Frigate, olive oil, and castor oil at 0.2% (v/v) in order to control both littleseed canarygrass and wild oat. Tested herbicides performance was enhanced by all adjuvants against littleseed canarygrass and wild oat. The addition of Frigate and the vegetable oils had the lowest and the highest effect on the performance of all of the herbicides on both littleseed canarygrass and wild oat, respectively, which confirms the solubilizing nature of the cuticular waxes by vegetable oils. A comparison between the two vegetable oils revealed that olive oil exerted a greater control of littleseed canarygrass than did the castor oil. In contrast, castor oil exerted a greater control of wild oat than did the olive oil, which can be related to differences in the leaf surface micromorphology of the weeds.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
All tested adjuvants enhanced herbicide performance against littleseed canarygrass.
- Taxon
- littleseed canarygrass
.jpg?width=60)
Phalaris minore0 - Treatment
- all adjuvantse0
- Outcome
- herbicides performancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedInteractorComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Tested herbicides performance was enhanced by all adjuvants against littleseed canarygrass and wild oat.”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested adjuvants enhanced herbicide performance against wild oat.
Not reportedInteractorComparator
Verbatim
e0“Tested herbicides performance was enhanced by all adjuvants against littleseed canarygrass and wild oat.”
Claim · model-written summary
Frigate had the lowest effect on herbicide performance against littleseed canarygrass.
- Taxon
- littleseed canarygrassPhalaris minore0
- Treatment
- Frigatee0
- Outcome
- performance of all of the herbicidese0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of Frigate and the vegetable oils had the lowest and the highest effect on the performance of all of the herbicides on both littleseed canarygrass and wild oat, respectively, which confirms the solubilizing nature of the cuticular waxes by vegetable oils.”
Claim · model-written summary
Frigate had the lowest effect on herbicide performance against wild oat.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The addition of Frigate and the vegetable oils had the lowest and the highest effect on the performance of all of the herbicides on both littleseed canarygrass and wild oat, respectively, which confirms the solubilizing nature of the cuticular waxes by vegetable oils.”
Claim · model-written summary
vegetable oils had the highest effect on herbicide performance against littleseed canarygrass.
- Taxon
- littleseed canarygrassPhalaris minore0
- Treatment
- vegetable oilse0
- Outcome
- performance of all of the herbicidese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of Frigate and the vegetable oils had the lowest and the highest effect on the performance of all of the herbicides on both littleseed canarygrass and wild oat, respectively, which confirms the solubilizing nature of the cuticular waxes by vegetable oils.”
Claim · model-written summary
vegetable oils had the highest effect on herbicide performance against wild oat.
- Taxon
- wild oate0
- Treatment
- vegetable oilse0
- Outcome
- performance of all of the herbicidese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The addition of Frigate and the vegetable oils had the lowest and the highest effect on the performance of all of the herbicides on both littleseed canarygrass and wild oat, respectively, which confirms the solubilizing nature of the cuticular waxes by vegetable oils.”
Claim · model-written summary
Olive oil controlled littleseed canarygrass more than castor oil.
- Taxon
- littleseed canarygrassPhalaris minore0
- Treatment
- olive oile0
- Outcome
- control of littleseed canarygrasse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- castor oile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“olive oil exerted a greater control of littleseed canarygrass than did the castor oil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Castor oil controlled wild oat more than olive oil.
Verbatim
e0“castor oil exerted a greater control of wild oat than did the olive oil”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors relate differing oil effects to weed leaf surface micromorphology.
- Taxon
- littleseed canarygrassPhalaris minort0
- Organ / stage
- leaf surfacee0
- Outcome
- differencese0
- Qualifier
- micromorphology of the weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which can be related to differences in the leaf surface micromorphology of the weeds.”
t0“littleseed canarygrass (Phalaris minor) and wild oat (Avena ludoviciana)”
The same questions in other papers
adjuvant · molecular: metabolites · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
adjuvant · molecular: metabolites · Phalaris minor (littleseed canarygrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
castor oil · control · Avena sativa (oats)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.