Abstract
Summary As herbicides have limited effect in controlling B romus diandrus in no‐till dryland cereal fields, the integration of chemical and cultural methods needs to be investigated. A field study was carried out in L leida ( S pain) during 2008–09, 2009–10 and 2010–11 seasons, in a no‐till winter cereal field integrating delayed crop sowing with herbicides in a barley–wheat–wheat rotation. Three crop sowing dates were considered: D1, mid‐ O ctober; D 2, mid‐ N ovember; and D 3, early D ecember, and the herbicides mesosulfuron‐methyl plus iodosulfuron‐methyl‐sodium were applied in wheat. Weed density, cumulative emergence and fecundity were estimated for each sowing date. In all three seasons, a significant reduction in the cumulative emergence of B . diandrus as compared to D 1 was observed in D 2 (82.0, 97.5 and 98.1%) and D 3 (80.8, 98.7 and 97.2%). In addition, a significant decrease in weed density and seed rain was observed across all sowing dates and seasons. The herbicide used in wheat was more effective under delayed sowing, due to lower weed density and presence of less developed weed seedlings. After three seasons, the populations of B . diandrus were completely depleted in D 2 and D 3. This study demonstrates the possibility of eliminating brome infestations in dryland cereal fields in no‐till systems through the integration of cultural and chemical strategies.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
November sowing reduced cumulative B. diandrus emergence relative to October by 82.0, 97.5 and 98.1% across three seasons.
- Taxon
- cerealt0
- Treatment
- D 2e0
- Interactor
- B . diandrus
.jpg?width=60)
Bromus diandruse0weed - Outcome
- cumulative emergence of B . diandruse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 82.0, 97.5 and 98.1%e0
- Comparator
- D 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“a significant reduction in the cumulative emergence of B . diandrus as compared to D 1 was observed in D 2 (82.0, 97.5 and 98.1%)”
t0“Bromus diandrus in dryland cereal fields”
Claim · model-written summary
December sowing reduced cumulative B. diandrus emergence relative to October by 80.8, 98.7 and 97.2% across three seasons.
- Taxon
- cerealt0
- Treatment
- D 3e0
- Interactor
- B . diandrusBromus diandrust1weed
- Outcome
- cumulative emergence of B . diandrust1
- Direction
- reductiont1
- Value
- 80.8, 98.7 and 97.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and D 3 (80.8, 98.7 and 97.2%)”
t0“Bromus diandrus in dryland cereal fields”
t1“a significant reduction in the cumulative emergence of B . diandrus as compared to D 1 was observed in D 2 (82.0, 97.5 and 98.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed density decreased across sowing dates and seasons.
- Taxon
- cerealt0
- Interactor
- Bromus diandrusBromus diandrust0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant decrease in weed density and seed rain was observed across all sowing dates and seasons”
t0“Bromus diandrus in dryland cereal fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed seed rain decreased across sowing dates and seasons.
- Taxon
- cerealt0
- Interactor
- Bromus diandrusBromus diandrust0weed
- Outcome
- seed raine0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant decrease in weed density and seed rain was observed across all sowing dates and seasons”
t0“Bromus diandrus in dryland cereal fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide efficacy against the weed was greater under delayed sowing.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- herbicidee0
- Interactor
- Bromus diandrusBromus diandrust0weed
- Outcome
- more effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- delayed sowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The herbicide used in wheat was more effective under delayed sowing”
t0“Bromus diandrus in dryland cereal fields”
Claim · model-written summary
The B. diandrus populations were depleted after three seasons at both delayed sowing dates.
- Taxon
- cerealt0
- Interactor
- B . diandrusBromus diandruse0weed
- Outcome
- populations of B . diandruse0
- Direction
- completely depletede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After three seasons, the populations of B . diandrus were completely depleted in D 2 and D 3”
t0“Bromus diandrus in dryland cereal fields”