Abstract
Experiments were conducted during 2001 and 2002 at one location in North Carolina to compare development of early leaf spot ( Cercospora arachidicola Hori), pod yield, and market grade characteristics when peanut ( Arachis hypogea L.) was grown under overhead sprinkler irrigation (OSI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) and fungicides were not applied or applied biweekly or based on weather advisories. Incidence of early leaf spot was lower when peanut was grown under SDI compared with OSI when fungicides were not applied. Fewer fungicide applications were needed when applications were based on weather advisories rather than when applied biweekly. There was no difference in early leaf spot control or leaf defoliation resulting from disease when fungicides were applied regardless of irrigation system or fungicide application approach. Pod yield was higher in 2001 under SDI compared with OSI when fungicides were not applied; yield was similar in 2002. Disease severity was much higher in 2001 than in 2002 and most likely explains differences in pod yield between years. No difference in yield was noted when fungicides were applied, regardless of irrigation system. The percentage of extra large kernels (%ELK) was lower in 1 of 2 yr under SDI compared with OSI. There were no differences in percentages of fancy pods (%FP), sound splits (%SS), and other kernels (%OK) among irrigation systems and fungicide programs. In a separate experiment where fungicides were applied biweekly, pod yield, %FP, and %ELK were similar under SDI and OSI but greater than nonirrigated peanut. The %OK was lower when peanut was irrigated.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
SDI lowered early leaf spot incidence relative to OSI without fungicides.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Treatment
- SDIe0
- Interactor
- Cercospora arachidicola HoriMycosphaerella arachidise1pathogen
- Outcome
- Incidence of early leaf spote0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- when fungicides were not appliede0
- Comparator
- OSIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Incidence of early leaf spot was lower when peanut was grown under SDI compared with OSI when fungicides were not applied.”
e1“early leaf spot ( Cercospora arachidicola Hori)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weather-advisory scheduling needed fewer fungicide applications than biweekly scheduling.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- weather advisoriese0
- Outcome
- fungicide applicationse0
- Direction
- Fewere0
- Comparator
- biweeklye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fewer fungicide applications were needed when applications were based on weather advisories rather than when applied biweekly.”
t0“Peanut”
t1“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
With fungicide, early leaf spot control and disease defoliation did not differ across irrigation or application approaches.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- fungicidese0
- Interactor
- Cercospora arachidicola HoriMycosphaerella arachidise1pathogen
- Outcome
- early leaf spot control or leaf defoliation resulting from diseasee0
- Direction
- no differencee0
- Comparator
- irrigation system or fungicide application approache0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no difference in early leaf spot control or leaf defoliation resulting from disease when fungicides were applied regardless of irrigation system or fungicide application approach.”
t0“Peanut”
t1“Peanut”
e1“early leaf spot ( Cercospora arachidicola Hori), pod yield, and market grade characteristics when peanut ( Arachis hypogea L.) was grown under overhead sprinkler irrigation (OSI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI)”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2001 without fungicides, SDI gave higher pod yield than OSI.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- SDIe0
- Outcome
- Pod yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- in 2001e0
- Comparator
- OSIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pod yield was higher in 2001 under SDI compared with OSI when fungicides were not applied”
t0“Peanut”
t1“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2002 without fungicides, yield was similar under SDI and OSI.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- SDIe1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- in 2002e0
- Comparator
- OSIe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield was similar in 2002.”
t0“Peanut”
t1“Peanut”
e1“Incidence of early leaf spot was lower when peanut was grown under SDI compared with OSI when fungicides were not applied.”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease severity was much higher in 2001 than 2002.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Interactor
- Cercospora arachidicola HoriMycosphaerella arachidise1pathogen
- Outcome
- Disease severitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- 2002e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disease severity was much higher in 2001 than in 2002”
t0“Peanut”
t1“Peanut”
e1“early leaf spot ( Cercospora arachidicola Hori), pod yield, and market grade characteristics when peanut ( Arachis hypogea L.) was grown under overhead sprinkler irrigation (OSI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI)”
Claim · model-written summary
With fungicides, yield did not differ between irrigation systems.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- fungicidese0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- No differencee0
- Comparator
- irrigation systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No difference in yield was noted when fungicides were applied, regardless of irrigation system.”
t0“Peanut”
t1“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
SDI reduced extra-large kernel percentage versus OSI in one of two years.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- SDIe0
- Outcome
- percentage of extra large kernels (%ELK)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- 1 of 2 yre0
- Comparator
- OSIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentage of extra large kernels (%ELK) was lower in 1 of 2 yr under SDI compared with OSI.”
t0“Peanut”
t1“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Fancy pod, sound split and other kernel percentages did not differ among irrigation and fungicide programs.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- irrigation systems and fungicide programse0
- Outcome
- percentages of fancy pods (%FP), sound splits (%SS), and other kernels (%OK)e0
- Direction
- no differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no differences in percentages of fancy pods (%FP), sound splits (%SS), and other kernels (%OK) among irrigation systems and fungicide programs.”
t0“Peanut”
t1“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Under biweekly fungicides, SDI and OSI had similar pod yield, fancy pods and extra-large kernels.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- SDIe0
- Outcome
- pod yield, %FP, and %ELKe0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- OSIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pod yield, %FP, and %ELK were similar under SDI and OSI”
t0“Peanut”
t1“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Under biweekly fungicides, irrigated peanut exceeded nonirrigated peanut in pod yield, fancy pods and extra-large kernels.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- SDI and OSIe0
- Outcome
- pod yield, %FP, and %ELKe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- nonirrigated peanute0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pod yield, %FP, and %ELK were similar under SDI and OSI but greater than nonirrigated peanut.”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation lowered other-kernel percentage.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- irrigatede0
- Outcome
- %OKe0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The %OK was lower when peanut was irrigated.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.