Abstract
Chlorothalonil was applied 2, 4, 6, 2 and 4, or 4 and 6 weeks prior to tomato harvest in fields in four counties in California over a 3-year period to assess the economic benefits of chlorothalonil applications, if any, on the reduction of black mold caused by Alternaria alternata. The percentage of visually infected fruit was significantly reduced across all four sites in 2 of the 3 years. At one location, the incidence of black mold was reduced over 50% in all 3 years of the study by a single application of the fungicide. Overall, the mean yield of marketable fruit was 79.8 metric tons per hectare. An average of 5.1% of the fruit harvested in all locations and years had visible symptoms of black mold. Generally, the most effective treatment was a single application of the fungicide 6 weeks before harvest, with no further benefit from a second application of the fungicide. Based on the cost of the fungicide and its application, a single dose of chlorothalonil applied to plots in Solano County, where the highest incidence of disease occurred, would net the grower $160.47 return per hectare. The application of fungicide resulted in significant economic benefits in tests in two of the counties, where the disease is historically a problem.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorothalonil significantly reduced the percentage of visibly infected tomato fruit across four sites in 2 of 3 years.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Chlorothalonile0
- Interactor
- Alternaria alternata
.jpg?width=60)
Alternaria alternatae7pathogen - Outcome
- percentage of visually infected fruite1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- in 2 of the 3 yearse1
- Setting
- four counties in Californiae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Black Mold of Tomato”
e0“Chlorothalonil was applied 2, 4, 6, 2 and 4, or 4 and 6 weeks prior to tomato harvest in fields in four counties in California”
e7“black mold caused by Alternaria alternata”
e1“The percentage of visually infected fruit was significantly reduced across all four sites in 2 of the 3 years”
Claim · model-written summary
A single chlorothalonil application reduced black mold incidence by over 50% at one location in all 3 years.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- a single application of the fungicidee2
- Interactor
- Alternaria alternataAlternaria alternatae7pathogen
- Outcome
- incidence of black molde2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- over 50%e2
- Setting
- one locatione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Black Mold of Tomato”
e7“black mold caused by Alternaria alternata”
e2“At one location, the incidence of black mold was reduced over 50% in all 3 years of the study by a single application of the fungicide”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean yield of marketable tomato fruit was 79.8 metric tons per hectare.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- mean yield of marketable fruite3
- Value
- 79.8 metric tons per hectaree3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Black Mold of Tomato”
e3“Overall, the mean yield of marketable fruit was 79.8 metric tons per hectare”
Claim · model-written summary
On average 5.1% of harvested fruit had visible black mold symptoms.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Alternaria alternataAlternaria alternatae7pathogen
- Outcome
- visible symptoms of black molde4
- Value
- 5.1%e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Black Mold of Tomato”
e7“black mold caused by Alternaria alternata”
e4“An average of 5.1% of the fruit harvested in all locations and years had visible symptoms of black mold”
Claim · model-written summary
A single fungicide application six weeks before harvest was the most effective treatment.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- a single application of the fungicide 6 weeks before harveste5
- Outcome
- most effective treatmente5
- Direction
- most effectivee5
- Comparator
- a second application of the fungicidee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Black Mold of Tomato”
e5“Generally, the most effective treatment was a single application of the fungicide 6 weeks before harvest, with no further benefit from a second application of the fungicide”
Claim · model-written summary
A second fungicide application gave no further benefit over a single application six weeks before harvest.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- a second application of the fungicidee5
- Outcome
- benefite5
- Direction
- no furthere5
- Comparator
- a single application of the fungicide 6 weeks before harveste5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Black Mold of Tomato”
e5“Generally, the most effective treatment was a single application of the fungicide 6 weeks before harvest, with no further benefit from a second application of the fungicide”
Claim · model-written summary
A single chlorothalonil dose in Solano County would return $160.47 per hectare to the grower.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- return per hectaree6
- Value
- $160.47e6
- Setting
- Solano Countye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Black Mold of Tomato”
e6“Based on the cost of the fungicide and its application, a single dose of chlorothalonil applied to plots in Solano County, where the highest incidence of disease occurred, would net the grower $160.47 return per hectare”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungicide gave significant economic benefits in two of the counties.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- application of fungicidee7
- Outcome
- economic benefitse7
- Setting
- two of the countiese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Black Mold of Tomato”
e7“The application of fungicide resulted in significant economic benefits in tests in two of the counties”
The same questions in other papers
fungicide · Alternaria alternata · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.