Paper · 1979 · Ecological Entomology

Characteristics and distribution of opposition sites of the grasshopper Zonocerus variegatus (L.)

W. W. PAGE; A. R. McCAFFERY

11
claims
18
verbatim quotes
7
citations
1
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Abstract. 1. The dry‐season population of Zonocerus in southern Nigeria oviposits in dense aggregations under single or clumped woody plants or on the edge of tall continuous stands of vegetation. No egg pods were found oviposited singly. 2. The vegetation under which oviposition occurs is the most common available at the time of the year. There seems to be no selection of particular species of plants so long as they provide good low shade. 3. Oviposition can take place in a wide range of gravelly soils. 4. Topography is not important as long as the oviposition site is on high ground away from damp areas subject to flooding. 5. There was a mean of 618 pods per oviposition site from forty‐one sites which were dug up, and there was a significant correlation between the area of a site and the number of pods. 6. There was a marked tendency for oviposition sites to be found close to cassava. At two localities of approximately 20 ha each 90% of the sites were found within 30 m of cassava. 7. It is suggested that permanent shade is the most important factor in the selection of a site and this is probably related to the survival of the eggs during their 6–7 months development.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 11

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Zonocerus variegatus oviposits in dense aggregations under single or clumped woody plants or at the edge of tall continuous vegetation.

Taxon
woody plantse1
Interactor
ZonocerusZonoceruse1herbivore
Outcome
oviposits in dense aggregationse1
Setting
southern Nigeriae1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zonocerus
Zonocerus · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Florian H. · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“The dry‐season population of Zonocerus in southern Nigeria oviposits in dense aggregations under single or clumped woody plants or on the edge of tall continuous stands of vegetation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 13–195 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

No egg pods were found oviposited singly.

Taxon
woody plantse1
Interactor
ZonocerusZonoceruse1herbivore
Outcome
oviposited singlye2

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zonocerus
Zonocerus · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Florian H. · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“The dry‐season population of Zonocerus in southern Nigeria oviposits in dense aggregations under single or clumped woody plants or on the edge of tall continuous stands of vegetation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 13–195 · show in text ↑
e2

“No egg pods were found oviposited singly”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 197–237 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The vegetation under which oviposition occurs is the most common available at the time of the year.

Taxon
vegetatione1
Outcome
the most common availablee1

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e1

“The vegetation under which oviposition occurs is the most common available at the time of the year”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 242–340 · show in text ↑
Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

There seems to be no selection of particular species of plants as long as they give good low shade.

Taxon
plantsViridiplantaee1
Outcome
selection of particular speciese1
Qualifier
good low shadee1

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e1

“There seems to be no selection of particular species of plants so long as they provide good low shade”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 342–443 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Oviposition can take place in a wide range of gravelly soils.

Taxon
woody plantse1
Outcome
Ovipositione2
Setting
gravelly soilse2

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e1

“The dry‐season population of Zonocerus in southern Nigeria oviposits in dense aggregations under single or clumped woody plants or on the edge of tall continuous stands of vegetation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 13–195 · show in text ↑
e2

“Oviposition can take place in a wide range of gravelly soils”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 448–508 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Topography is not important for oviposition site choice as long as sites are on high ground away from damp areas.

Taxon
woody plantse1
Outcome
Topographye2
Qualifier
high ground away from damp arease2

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e1

“The dry‐season population of Zonocerus in southern Nigeria oviposits in dense aggregations under single or clumped woody plants or on the edge of tall continuous stands of vegetation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 13–195 · show in text ↑
e2

“Topography is not important as long as the oviposition site is on high ground away from damp areas subject to flooding”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 513–631 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A mean of 618 pods per oviposition site was found across the dug-up sites.

Taxon
woody plantse1
Outcome
pods per oviposition sitee3
Value
618 podse3

Verbatim

e1

“The dry‐season population of Zonocerus in southern Nigeria oviposits in dense aggregations under single or clumped woody plants or on the edge of tall continuous stands of vegetation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 13–195 · show in text ↑
e3

“There was a mean of 618 pods per oviposition site from forty‐one sites which were dug up”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 636–724 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Site area was significantly correlated with the number of pods per oviposition site.

Taxon
woody plantse1
Outcome
number of podse4
Direction
correlatione4
Setting
area of a sitee4

Verbatim

e1

“The dry‐season population of Zonocerus in southern Nigeria oviposits in dense aggregations under single or clumped woody plants or on the edge of tall continuous stands of vegetation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 13–195 · show in text ↑
e4

“there was a significant correlation between the area of a site and the number of pods”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 730–815 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Oviposition sites tended to be found close to cassava.

Interactor
ZonocerusZonoceruse1herbivore
Outcome
oviposition sitese5
Direction
marked tendencye5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Manihot esculenta
Manihot esculenta · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗
Zonocerus
Zonocerus · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Florian H. · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“The dry‐season population of Zonocerus in southern Nigeria oviposits in dense aggregations under single or clumped woody plants or on the edge of tall continuous stands of vegetation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 13–195 · show in text ↑
e5

“There was a marked tendency for oviposition sites to be found close to cassava”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 820–898 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In two localities of about 20 ha each, 90% of oviposition sites were within 30 m of cassava.

Outcome
sites were found within 30 me6
Value
90%e6
Setting
two localities of approximately 20 ha eache6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Manihot esculenta
Manihot esculenta · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗

Verbatim

e6

“At two localities of approximately 20 ha each 90% of the sites were found within 30 m of cassava”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 900–996 · show in text ↑
Mechanismhypothesisoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Permanent shade is suggested to be the most important factor in oviposition site selection, probably through egg survival.

Taxon
woody plantse1
Outcome
selection of a sitee7
Qualifier
permanent shadee7

Verbatim

e1

“The dry‐season population of Zonocerus in southern Nigeria oviposits in dense aggregations under single or clumped woody plants or on the edge of tall continuous stands of vegetation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 13–195 · show in text ↑
e7

“It is suggested that permanent shade is the most important factor in the selection of a site and this is probably related to the survival of the eggs during their 6–7 months development”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1001–1186 · show in text ↑