Abstract
Fusarium yellows of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.Fr. f. sp. betae (Stewart) Snyd & Hans., has been a long-term problem in the western United States (3) and recently was reported in Minnesota and North Dakota (4). This disease is typified by interveinal yellowing and wilting of the foliage. Roots have no external symptoms but show internal vascular discoloration. In 2005, 12 sugar beet roots from Michigan with yellows-type symptoms were received by the author. Isolations were made from the cortical and vascular tissue of the crown and tap root. Fusarium spp. isolates were obtained from 10 of the beets, and 16 isolates were identified as Fusarium oxysporum on the basis of morphology and pigmentation on potato dextrose agar and spores and phialides on carnation leaf agar (2). F. oxysporum isolates were tested for pathogenicity by dipping roots of 5-week-old susceptible sugar beet plants (FC716) in a suspension of 10 4 spores per ml for 8 min, 10 plants per isolate. Two known pathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. betae, Fob13 and Fob216c (4), were used for comparison. For a negative control, plants were dipped in sterile water. Beets were planted in Cone-tainers (3.8 cm diameter × 21 cm) containing pasteurized potting mix. Plants were placed in a greenhouse at 24 to 27°C and fertilized with 15-30-15 fertilizer every 2 weeks to avoid chlorosis from nutrient deficiency. Plants were rated weekly for foliar symptoms for 6 weeks using a Fusarium yellows rating scale of 0 to 4 in which 0 = no disease and 4 = complete plant death (1). After the final rating, plants were removed from soil and the tap root examined for root symptoms. Root segments were surface disinfested with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and cultured on potato dextrose agar to confirm presence of the pathogen. The experiment was done twice. Seven F. oxysporum isolates tested caused typical Fusarium yellows symptoms including interveinal yellowing, stunting, and wilting of inoculated plants. Pathogenic isolates were obtained from 7 of the 10 beets that yielded F. oxysporum. Symptoms were indistinguishable from those caused by Fob13 (average ratings ranged from 1.8 to 2.4) and milder than those caused by Fob216c (average rating 3.1). No interveinal chlorosis or wilting was observed on the control plants. Isolations from inoculated plants provided F. oxysporum cultures morphologically similar to those used in inoculation by the methods of Nelson et al. (2). No F. oxysporum was isolated from control plants. To my knowledge, this is the first report of F. oxysporum causing Fusarium yellows on beet in Michigan. References: (1) L. E. Hanson and A. L. Hill. J. Sugar Beet Res. 41:163, 2004. (2) P. E. Nelson et al. Fusarium species: An Illustrated Manual for Identification. The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, 1983. (3). C. L. Schneider and E. D. Whitney. Fusarium Yellows. Page 18 in: Compendium of Beet Diseases and Insects. C. L. Schneider and E. D. Whitney, eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1986. (4) C. E. Windels et al. Plant Dis. 89:341, 2005.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium was isolated from 10 of 12 symptomatic beets.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0 - Outcome
- Fusarium spp. isolatese0
- Value
- 10e0
- Setting
- Michigant0
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium spp. isolates were obtained from 10 of the beets”
t0“sugar beet Caused by Fusarium oxysporum in Michigan”
Claim · model-written summary
Sixteen isolates were identified as Fusarium oxysporum.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume0pathogen - Outcome
- isolates were identified as Fusarium oxysporume0
- Value
- 16e0
- Setting
- Michigant0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“16 isolates were identified as Fusarium oxysporum”
t0“sugar beet Caused by Fusarium oxysporum in Michigan”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven tested isolates caused typical yellows symptoms in inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- F. oxysporum isolatese0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- Fusarium yellows symptoms including interveinal yellowing, stunting, and wiltinge0
- Value
- Sevene0
- Setting
- Michigant0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seven F. oxysporum isolates tested caused typical Fusarium yellows symptoms including interveinal yellowing, stunting, and wilting of inoculated plants.”
t0“sugar beet Caused by Fusarium oxysporum in Michigan”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogenic isolates came from seven of ten beets yielding F. oxysporum.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- Pathogenic isolatese0
- Value
- 7 of the 10e0
- Setting
- Michigant0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pathogenic isolates were obtained from 7 of the 10 beets that yielded F. oxysporum.”
t0“sugar beet Caused by Fusarium oxysporum in Michigan”
Claim · model-written summary
Symptoms matched Fob13 with ratings of 1.8 to 2.4.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- Symptomse0
- Direction
- indistinguishablee0
- Value
- 1.8 to 2.4e0
- Comparator
- Fob13e0
- Setting
- Michigant0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Symptoms were indistinguishable from those caused by Fob13 (average ratings ranged from 1.8 to 2.4)”
t0“sugar beet Caused by Fusarium oxysporum in Michigan”
Claim · model-written summary
Symptoms were milder than Fob216c with its average rating of 3.1.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- Symptomse0
- Direction
- mildere0
- Qualifier
- average rating 3.1e0
- Comparator
- Fob216ce0
- Setting
- Michigant0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Symptoms were indistinguishable from those caused by Fob13 (average ratings ranged from 1.8 to 2.4) and milder than those caused by Fob216c (average rating 3.1).”
t0“sugar beet Caused by Fusarium oxysporum in Michigan”
Claim · model-written summary
Control plants had no interveinal chlorosis or wilting.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- interveinal chlorosis or wiltinge0
- Direction
- Noe0
- Setting
- Michigant0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No interveinal chlorosis or wilting was observed on the control plants.”
t0“sugar beet Caused by Fusarium oxysporum in Michigan”
Claim · model-written summary
F. oxysporum was recovered from inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- F. oxysporum cultures morphologically similar to those used in inoculatione0
- Setting
- Michigant0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isolations from inoculated plants provided F. oxysporum cultures morphologically similar to those used in inoculation”
t0“sugar beet Caused by Fusarium oxysporum in Michigan”
Claim · model-written summary
F. oxysporum was not isolated from control plants.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- F. oxysporum was isolated from control plantse0
- Direction
- Noe0
- Setting
- Michigant0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No F. oxysporum was isolated from control plants.”
t0“sugar beet Caused by Fusarium oxysporum in Michigan”
Claim · model-written summary
This was reported as the first Michigan occurrence of F. oxysporum causing beet yellows.
- Taxon
- beet
Beta vulgarise0 - Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- first report of F. oxysporum causing Fusarium yellows on beete0
- Setting
- Michigane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this is the first report of F. oxysporum causing Fusarium yellows on beet in Michigan.”