Abstract
The effects of inoculum density (0, 4.6 × 10 7 , 4.2 × 10 8 , and 8.8 × 10 8 cfu∙mL −1 ), temperature (10, 20, and 30 °C), and plant genotype (cultivars Celebrity, Blazer, Scotia, and Mountain Delight) on bacterial colonization and plant growth promotion were investigated in a gnotobiotic system. An in vitro dual culture of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plantlets and a Pseudomonas sp., strain PsJN, were used. Epiphytic (external) and endophytic (internal) bacterial populations were determined to evaluate plantlet colonization. Shoot and root biomass of bacterized plantlets was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than that of nonbacterized controls. Growth promotion was best with inoculum densities of 3 × 10 8 – 7 × 10 8 cfu∙mL −1 at 20 °C, particularly in the early maturing cultivars Blazer and Scotia. Lower inoculum densities were required to maximize root growth (approximately 1 × 10 8 cfu∙mL −1 ) than shoot growth (approximately 3 × 10 8 cfu∙mL −1 ). Shoot surface populations did not vary with inoculum density or temperature, but the bacterium colonized the shoot exterior of cultivars Celebrity, Mountain Delight, and Scotia better than cultivar Blazer. The root surface populations increased linearly with increasing inoculum density (within a range of 10 7 –10 8 cfu∙mL −1 ), decreased with increasing temperatures (from 10 to 30 °C), and were higher for the main season cultivar Celebrity than for cultivars Blazer, Scotia, and Mountain Delight. Populations of shoot endophytes did not vary with initial inoculum density or genotype but were affected by temperature; the highest colonization was at 10 °C. The number of root endophytes was also highest at 10 °C at the inoculum density of approximately 4 × 10 8 cfu∙mL −1 and did not vary with genotypes. The experiments clearly indicate that there was no relationship between root surface colonization and plant growth promotion. However, the range of inoculum levels (3 × 10 8 – 7 × 10 8 cfu∙mL −1 ) that promoted colonization of the inner root tissues (endophytic) also best promoted plant growth. A possible biostimulation threshold within the tissues of the inoculated plants under conditions favourable to the growth of tomato is proposed.Key words: Pseudomonas sp., tomato, colonization, growth promotion.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterized tomato plantlets had significantly higher shoot and root biomass than nonbacterized controls.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- bacterizede0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas sp., strain PsJN
Pseudomonas sp.e1other - Outcome
- Shoot and root biomasse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- nonbacterized controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot and root biomass of bacterized plantlets was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than that of nonbacterized controls.”
t0“tomato”
e1“a Pseudomonas sp., strain PsJN”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato growth promotion was best at inoculum densities of 3 × 10 8 – 7 × 10 8 cfu∙mL −1 and 20 °C, particularly in Blazer and Scotia.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- inoculum densities of 3 × 10 8 – 7 × 10 8 cfu∙mL −1e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas sp., strain PsJNPseudomonas sp.e1other
- Outcome
- Growth promotione0
- Direction
- beste0
- Qualifier
- at 20 °C, particularly in the early maturing cultivars Blazer and Scotiae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth promotion was best with inoculum densities of 3 × 10 8 – 7 × 10 8 cfu∙mL −1 at 20 °C, particularly in the early maturing cultivars Blazer and Scotia.”
t0“tomato”
e1“a Pseudomonas sp., strain PsJN”
Claim · model-written summary
Approximately 1 × 10 8 cfu∙mL −1 was required to maximize tomato root growth, lower than the inoculum density for shoot growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- inoculum densitiese0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- maximizee0
- Value
- approximately 1 × 10 8 cfu∙mL −1e0
- Comparator
- shoot growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lower inoculum densities were required to maximize root growth (approximately 1 × 10 8 cfu∙mL −1 ) than shoot growth (approximately 3 × 10 8 cfu∙mL −1 ).”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Approximately 3 × 10 8 cfu∙mL −1 was required to maximize tomato shoot growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- inoculum densitiese0
- Outcome
- shoot growthe0
- Direction
- maximizee0
- Value
- approximately 3 × 10 8 cfu∙mL −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lower inoculum densities were required to maximize root growth (approximately 1 × 10 8 cfu∙mL −1 ) than shoot growth (approximately 3 × 10 8 cfu∙mL −1 ).”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas shoot surface populations did not vary with inoculum density or temperature.
- Taxon
- Pseudomonas sp., strain PsJNPseudomonas sp.e1
- Treatment
- inoculum density or temperaturee0
- Interactor
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0host
- Outcome
- Shoot surface populationse0
- Direction
- did not varye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot surface populations did not vary with inoculum density or temperature”
e1“a Pseudomonas sp., strain PsJN”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas colonized shoot exteriors of Celebrity, Mountain Delight and Scotia better than Blazer.
- Taxon
- Pseudomonas sp., strain PsJNPseudomonas sp.e1
- Interactor
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0host
- Outcome
- colonized the shoot exteriore0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- cultivars Celebrity, Mountain Delight, and Scotiae0
- Comparator
- Blazere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the bacterium colonized the shoot exterior of cultivars Celebrity, Mountain Delight, and Scotia better than cultivar Blazer.”
e1“a Pseudomonas sp., strain PsJN”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas root surface populations increased linearly with inoculum density within 10 7 –10 8 cfu∙mL −1.
- Taxon
- Pseudomonas sp., strain PsJNPseudomonas sp.e1
- Treatment
- increasing inoculum densitye0
- Interactor
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0host
- Outcome
- root surface populationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- within a range of 10 7 –10 8 cfu∙mL −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root surface populations increased linearly with increasing inoculum density (within a range of 10 7 –10 8 cfu∙mL −1 )”
e1“a Pseudomonas sp., strain PsJN”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas root surface populations decreased as temperature increased from 10 to 30 °C.
- Taxon
- Pseudomonas sp., strain PsJNPseudomonas sp.e1
- Treatment
- increasing temperatures (from 10 to 30 °C)e0
- Interactor
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0host
- Outcome
- root surface populationse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root surface populations increased linearly with increasing inoculum density (within a range of 10 7 –10 8 cfu∙mL −1 ), decreased with increasing temperatures (from 10 to 30 °C)”
e1“a Pseudomonas sp., strain PsJN”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas root surface populations were higher on Celebrity than on Blazer, Scotia and Mountain Delight.
- Taxon
- Pseudomonas sp., strain PsJNPseudomonas sp.e1
- Material
- Celebritye0
- Interactor
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0host
- Outcome
- root surface populationse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Blazer, Scotia, and Mountain Delighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root surface populations increased linearly with increasing inoculum density (within a range of 10 7 –10 8 cfu∙mL −1 ), decreased with increasing temperatures (from 10 to 30 °C), and were higher for the main season cultivar Celebrity than for cultivars Blazer, Scotia, and Mountain Delight.”
e1“a Pseudomonas sp., strain PsJN”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas shoot endophyte populations did not vary with initial inoculum density or genotype.
- Taxon
- Pseudomonas sp., strain PsJNPseudomonas sp.e1
- Treatment
- initial inoculum density or genotypee0
- Interactor
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0host
- Outcome
- Populations of shoot endophytese0
- Direction
- did not varye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populations of shoot endophytes did not vary with initial inoculum density or genotype”
e1“a Pseudomonas sp., strain PsJN”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas shoot endophyte colonization was highest at 10 °C.
- Taxon
- Pseudomonas sp., strain PsJNPseudomonas sp.e1
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Treatment
- 10 °Ce0
- Interactor
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0host
- Outcome
- colonizatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populations of shoot endophytes did not vary with initial inoculum density or genotype but were affected by temperature; the highest colonization was at 10 °C.”
e1“a Pseudomonas sp., strain PsJN”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas root endophyte numbers were highest at 10 °C and approximately 4 × 10 8 cfu∙mL −1 inoculum density.
- Taxon
- Pseudomonas sp., strain PsJNPseudomonas sp.e1
- Treatment
- 10 °C at the inoculum density of approximately 4 × 10 8 cfu∙mL −1e0
- Interactor
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0host
- Outcome
- number of root endophytese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of root endophytes was also highest at 10 °C at the inoculum density of approximately 4 × 10 8 cfu∙mL −1 and did not vary with genotypes.”
e1“a Pseudomonas sp., strain PsJN”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas root endophyte numbers did not vary with tomato genotypes.
- Taxon
- Pseudomonas sp., strain PsJNPseudomonas sp.e1
- Material
- genotypese0
- Interactor
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0host
- Outcome
- number of root endophytese0
- Direction
- did not varye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of root endophytes was also highest at 10 °C at the inoculum density of approximately 4 × 10 8 cfu∙mL −1 and did not vary with genotypes.”
e1“a Pseudomonas sp., strain PsJN”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato growth promotion had no relationship with root surface colonization.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- root surfacee0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas sp., strain PsJNPseudomonas sp.e1other
- Outcome
- plant growth promotione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The experiments clearly indicate that there was no relationship between root surface colonization and plant growth promotion.”
t0“tomato”
e1“a Pseudomonas sp., strain PsJN”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculum levels of 3 × 10 8 – 7 × 10 8 cfu∙mL −1 promoting inner-root colonization also best promoted tomato growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- inoculum levels (3 × 10 8 – 7 × 10 8 cfu∙mL −1 )e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas sp., strain PsJNPseudomonas sp.e1other
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- best promotede0
- Qualifier
- promoted colonization of the inner root tissues (endophytic)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the range of inoculum levels (3 × 10 8 – 7 × 10 8 cfu∙mL −1 ) that promoted colonization of the inner root tissues (endophytic) also best promoted plant growth.”
t0“tomato”
e1“a Pseudomonas sp., strain PsJN”
Claim · model-written summary
A possible biostimulation threshold within inoculated tomato tissues is proposed under conditions favourable to tomato growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- tissuese0
- Outcome
- biostimulation thresholde0
- Qualifier
- under conditions favourable to the growth of tomatoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A possible biostimulation threshold within the tissues of the inoculated plants under conditions favourable to the growth of tomato is proposed.”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
386 papers in the same direction as this paper · 53 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- no effect
437 papers more in this group
See all 441 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.