Abstract
Abstract 1 The European large raspberry aphid Amphorophora idaei Börner is the most important vector of viral diseases afflicting commercially grown red raspberry ( Rubus idaeus L.) in Northern Europe, with European raspberry production amounting to 416 000 tonnes per annum. This review synthesizes existing knowledge on its biology and interactions with other organisms, including its host plant and the viral pathogens it vectors. 2 Information about trophic interactions with other insect herbivores and natural enemies is reviewed. Vine weevils Otiorhynchus sulcatus compromise aphid resistance in some raspberry cultivars, increasing A. idaei abundance by 80%. Parasitoids show mixed success in parasitizing A. idaei , although Aphidius ervi attack rates more than doubled when A. idaei fed on a partially susceptible raspberry cultivar, compared with a resistant variety. These findings are discussed in the context of potential biological control as part of an integrated pest and disease management framework. 3 Amphorophora idaei transmits four known viruses: Black raspberry necrosis virus, Raspberry leaf mottle virus, Raspberry leaf spot virus and Rubus yellow net virus , with A. idaei taking as little as 2 min to transmit some viruses. 4 Existing control strategies, including resistant cultivars, insecticides and eradication of disease from parent plants, are described. In particular, strong selection pressures have resulted in A . idaei overcoming genetic resistance in many raspberry cultivars and most insecticides are now ineffective. 5 Future directions for the sustained control of A. idaei are suggested, taking into consideration the possible effects of climate change and also changes in agronomic practices in U.K. agriculture.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Vine weevils compromise aphid resistance in some raspberry cultivars, raising aphid abundance by 80%.
- Taxon
- raspberrye0
- Interactor
- A. idaeiAmphorophora idaeie0pest
- Second interactor
- Otiorhynchus sulcatus
Otiorhynchus sulcatuse0pest - Outcome
- A. idaei abundancee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 80%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vine weevils Otiorhynchus sulcatus compromise aphid resistance in some raspberry cultivars, increasing A. idaei abundance by 80%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphidius ervi attack rates on the aphid more than doubled on a partially susceptible raspberry cultivar versus a resistant variety.
- Taxon
- raspberrye0
- Material
- partially susceptible raspberry cultivare0
- Interactor
- A. idaeiAmphorophora idaeie0pest
- Second interactor
- Aphidius ervi
Aphidius ervie0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- Aphidius ervi attack ratese0
- Direction
- more than doublede0
- Comparator
- resistant varietye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aphidius ervi attack rates more than doubled when A. idaei fed on a partially susceptible raspberry cultivar, compared with a resistant variety.”
Claim · model-written summary
The aphid transmits four named viruses.
- Taxon
- raspberrye0
- Interactor
- Amphorophora idaeiAmphorophora idaeie0pest
- Outcome
- transmits four known virusese0
Verbatim
e0“Amphorophora idaei transmits four known viruses: Black raspberry necrosis virus, Raspberry leaf mottle virus, Raspberry leaf spot virus and Rubus yellow net virus”
Claim · model-written summary
The aphid can transmit some viruses in as little as two minutes.
- Taxon
- raspberryt0
- Interactor
- A. idaeiAmphorophora idaeie0pest
- Outcome
- transmit some virusese0
- Value
- 2 mine0
Verbatim
e0“A. idaei taking as little as 2 min to transmit some viruses”
t0“red raspberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Selection has led the aphid to overcome genetic resistance in many raspberry cultivars.
- Taxon
- raspberrye0
- Interactor
- A . idaeiAmphorophora idaeie0pest
- Outcome
- overcoming genetic resistancee0
- Qualifier
- many raspberry cultivarse0
Verbatim
e0“strong selection pressures have resulted in A . idaei overcoming genetic resistance in many raspberry cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Most insecticides are now ineffective against the aphid.
- Taxon
- red raspberry
_Rubus_idaeus_-_Feuillage.jpg?width=60)
Rubus idaeust0 - Outcome
- insecticides are now ineffectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Rubus_idaeus_-_Feuillage.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“most insecticides are now ineffective”
t0“red raspberry”