Abstract
Pyrenophora teres Drechs. causes net blotch of barley, a common foliar disease in cultivation zones around the world. The disease occurs in two forms, namely a net form net blotch (NFNB) caused by P. teres f. teres and a spot form net blotch (SFNB) caused by P. teres f. maculata. As in other parts of the northern Great Plains, in the Mon-Dak area (western North Dakota and eastern Montana), NFNB is prevalent. SFNB was first reported in western Montana in 1983 (1) and more recently in eastern North Dakota in 2010 (3) but not in the Mon-Dak area. In the summer of 2011, unusual spot lesions that were surrounded by necrosis or chlorosis were observed on different barley cultivars in fields at Williston, ND, Nesson Valley, ND, and Sidney, MT areas. Diseased leaves from various barley cvs. from the three locations were transferred to water agar and incubated at room temperature for 24 h to induce sporulation. Morphological examination of conidia (45 to 169 × 15 to 21 μm) did not show significant differences from a known isolate of P. teres f. teres 0-1 (provided by Tim Friesen, ARS, Fargo, ND). For pathogenicity testing, six 14-day-old plants of barley cv. Tradition were sprayed until runoff with a 2,000 spore/ml suspension of two isolates from each location and the control P. teres f. maculata isolate DEN2.6 (provided by Tim Friesen). Plants were incubated first in a lighted humidity chamber for 24 h and then in a greenhouse for 7 days at 21°C. Regardless of inoculum source, spot lesions surrounded by necrosis or chlorosis, typical of SFNB, appeared on the inoculated leaves within 7 days. Fungi isolated from symptomatic leaves were identified as P. teres and the morphology of the conidia was undistinguishable from those of P. teres f. teres. All control plants which were sprayed with sterile distilled water were symptomless. The pathogenicity test was repeated. Rapid PCR detection and amplicon sequencing (2) of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal genes was performed on field and pathogenicity test leaf lesion samples to confirm the presence of P. teres f. maculata. DNA templates were prepared using the Extract-N-Amp Plant PCR Kits (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO) and subjected to PCR using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. Amplicons were then purified and sequenced. The 585-bp nucleotide sequences of P. teres f. maculata from Mon-Dak area were submitted to GenBank under accession nos. PtmNES1 (JX187587), PtmSDY1 (JX187588), PtmSDY2 (JX187589), and PtmWIL1 (JX187590). The sequences from the four locations shared 100% similarity and also with P. teres f. maculata (EF452471) from GenBank while showing 10 nucleotide differences (99% similarity) with P. teres f. teres (EF452472).The results represent first report of SFNB in the Mon-Dak. Barley is one of the most important crops in the area. Resistance of the NFNB and SFNB of barley are controlled by different genes (4). Based on this report, SFNB therefore have to be considered in selection of barley cultivars for cultivation in the area. References: (1) H. E Bockelman et al. Plant Dis. 67:696, 1983. (2) R. T. Lartey et al. J. Sugar Beet Res. 40:1, 2003. (3) Z. H. Liu and T. L. Friesen. Plant Dis. 94:480, 2010. (4) O. M. Manninen et al. Genome. 46:1564, 2006.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Spot lesions with surrounding necrosis or chlorosis appeared on barley cultivars at three sites.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Material
- barley cultivarse0
- Outcome
- spot lesions that were surrounded by necrosis or chlorosise0
- Setting
- Williston, ND, Nesson Valley, ND, and Sidney, MT arease0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“unusual spot lesions that were surrounded by necrosis or chlorosis were observed on different barley cultivars in fields at Williston, ND, Nesson Valley, ND, and Sidney, MT areas.”
Claim · model-written summary
Conidia showed no significant morphological difference from a known P. teres f. teres isolate.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Interactor
- P. teres f. teres 0-1
Pyrenophora teres f. terese0pathogen - Outcome
- conidiae0
- Direction
- did not show significant differencese0
- Value
- 45 to 169 × 15 to 21 μme0
- Comparator
- P. teres f. teres 0-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Morphological examination of conidia (45 to 169 × 15 to 21 μm) did not show significant differences from a known isolate of P. teres f. teres 0-1”
e1“net blotch of barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation produced characteristic spot lesions within seven days irrespective of isolate source.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Material
- Traditione1
- Treatment
- inoculatede0
- Interactor
- SFNBe0pathogen
- Outcome
- spot lesions surrounded by necrosis or chlorosise0
- Value
- within 7 dayse0
- Comparator
- control plantse2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regardless of inoculum source, spot lesions surrounded by necrosis or chlorosis, typical of SFNB, appeared on the inoculated leaves within 7 days.”
e1“six 14-day-old plants of barley cv. Tradition were sprayed”
e2“All control plants which were sprayed with sterile distilled water were symptomless.”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-sprayed control barley plants were symptomless.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Material
- Traditione1
- Outcome
- symptomlesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All control plants which were sprayed with sterile distilled water were symptomless.”
e1“plants of barley cv. Tradition”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolates recovered from symptomatic leaves were identified as P. teres.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Interactor
- P. teresPyrenophora terese0pathogen
- Outcome
- identified as P. terese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungi isolated from symptomatic leaves were identified as P. teres”
e1“net blotch of barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Four Mon-Dak sequences showed 100% similarity to each other and a P. teres f. maculata reference.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Interactor
- P. teres f. maculataPyrenophora teres f. maculatae0pathogen
- Outcome
- sequences from the four locations shared 100% similaritye0
- Value
- 100%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The sequences from the four locations shared 100% similarity and also with P. teres f. maculata (EF452471) from GenBank”
e1“net blotch of barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Mon-Dak sequences differed by 10 nucleotides from P. teres f. teres, with 99% similarity.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Interactor
- P. teres f. teresPyrenophora teres f. terese0pathogen
- Outcome
- nucleotide differencese0
- Value
- 10 nucleotide differencese0
- Qualifier
- 99% similaritye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“showing 10 nucleotide differences (99% similarity) with P. teres f. teres (EF452472)”
e1“net blotch of barley”
Claim · model-written summary
This was the first report of SFNB in Mon-Dak barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- first report of SFNBe0
- Setting
- Mon-Dake0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results represent first report of SFNB in the Mon-Dak.”
e1“net blotch of barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend considering SFNB when selecting local barley cultivars.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- SFNB therefore have to be considered in selection of barley cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SFNB therefore have to be considered in selection of barley cultivars for cultivation in the area.”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · physiology: pigments · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.