Abstract
Epidemics of early leaf spot, caused by Cercospora arachidicola, of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) are delayed in strip-tilled compared to conventionally tilled fields. This effect may be due to applications of glyphosate used to kill the winter cover crop in strip-tilled fields and/or the presence of cover crop residue at the soil surface of strip-tilled fields. Preplant herbicide (no herbicide, glyphosate, and paraquat), reciprocal residue (plus residue in conventionally tilled plots and minus residue in strip-tilled plots), and added straw mulch were evaluated to determine their effects on early leaf spot epidemics (AUDPC based on incidence and severity, and final percent defoliation) in conventionally tilled and strip-tilled plots. Additional experiments were conducted to characterize the effects of mulch (straw, fumigated straw, and plastic straw [Textraw]) treatments on disease, and to study tillage effects on disease in nonrotated peanut fields. Glyphosate and paraquat had no effect on AUDPC values or defoliation. The addition of straw to conventionally tilled plots significantly reduced disease levels. Cover crop and straw treatments had no significant effect on disease in the strip-tilled plots. AUDPC values were highest in the bare soil plots, lowest in the straw and fumigated straw plots, and intermediate in the plots with Textraw. Fewer initial infections were detected in the Textraw plots compared to the bare soil plots based on results of a trap leaf experiment. Strip-tillage did not consistently suppress early leaf spot epidemics in nonrotated fields. These results show that the presence of cover crop residue is partly responsible for the early leaf spot suppression observed in strip-tilled fields. Cover crop residue may interfere with the dispersal of primary inoculum from overwintering stroma in the soil to the plant tissues.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate and paraquat did not affect early leaf spot AUDPC or defoliation.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- Glyphosate and paraquate0
- Outcome
- AUDPC values or defoliatione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate and paraquat had no effect on AUDPC values or defoliation”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding straw to conventionally tilled peanut plots significantly reduced disease.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- addition of strawe0
- Outcome
- disease levelse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- conventionally tilled plotse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“addition of straw to conventionally tilled plots significantly reduced disease levels”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crop and straw treatments had no significant disease effect in strip-tilled plots.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Cover crop and straw treatmentse0
- Outcome
- diseasee0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
- Setting
- strip-tilled plotse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cover crop and straw treatments had no significant effect on disease in the strip-tilled plots”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Early leaf spot AUDPC was highest in bare-soil plots.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- AUDPC valuese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Setting
- bare soil plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AUDPC values were highest in the bare soil plots, lowest in the straw and fumigated straw plots, and intermediate in the plots with Textraw”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Early leaf spot AUDPC was lowest in straw and fumigated-straw plots.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- AUDPC valuese0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Setting
- straw and fumigated straw plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AUDPC values were highest in the bare soil plots, lowest in the straw and fumigated straw plots, and intermediate in the plots with Textraw”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Early leaf spot AUDPC was intermediate with Textraw.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- AUDPC valuese0
- Direction
- intermediatee0
- Setting
- plots with Textrawe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AUDPC values were highest in the bare soil plots, lowest in the straw and fumigated straw plots, and intermediate in the plots with Textraw”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Textraw plots had fewer initial infections than bare-soil plots.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Textrawe0
- Outcome
- initial infectionse0
- Direction
- Fewere0
- Comparator
- bare soil plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fewer initial infections were detected in the Textraw plots compared to the bare soil plots”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Strip tillage did not consistently suppress early leaf spot in nonrotated fields.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Strip-tillagee0
- Outcome
- early leaf spot epidemicse0
- Direction
- did not consistently suppresse0
- Setting
- nonrotated fieldse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strip-tillage did not consistently suppress early leaf spot epidemics in nonrotated fields”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crop residue was inferred to partly account for early leaf spot suppression in strip-tilled fields.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- early leaf spot suppressione0
- Qualifier
- presence of cover crop residue is partly responsiblee0
- Setting
- strip-tilled fieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“presence of cover crop residue is partly responsible for the early leaf spot suppression observed in strip-tilled fields”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crop residue may interfere with primary inoculum dispersal from soil to peanut tissues.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- dispersal of primary inoculume0
- Qualifier
- Cover crop residue may interferee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cover crop residue may interfere with the dispersal of primary inoculum from overwintering stroma in the soil to the plant tissues”
t0“Peanut”
The same questions in other papers
paraquat · disease · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
glyphosate · disease · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
cover crop · disease · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.