Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt on a wide range of plant hosts. Most strains of R. solanacearum are nonpathogenic below 20°C; however, Race 3 Biovar 2 (R3B2) strains are classified as quarantine pathogens because of their ability to infect crops, cause disease, and survive in temperate climates. We have identified race 1 biovar 1 Phylotype IIB Sequevar 4 strains present in Florida which were able to infect and produce wilt symptoms on potato and tomato at 18°C. Moreover they infected tomato plants at rates similar to strains belonging to R3B2. We determined that strains naturally nonpathogenic at 18°C were able to multiply, move in planta, and cause partial wilt when inoculated directly into the stem, suggesting that low temperature affects virulence of strains differently at early stages of infection. Bacterial growth in vitro was delayed at low temperatures, however it was not attenuated. Twitching motility observed on growing colonies was attenuated in nonpathogenic strains at 18°C, while not affected in the cool virulent ones. Using pilQ as a marker to evaluate the relative expression of the twitching activity of R. solanacearum strains, we confirmed that cool virulent strains maintained a similar level of pilQ expression at both temperatures, while in nonpathogenic strains pilQ was downregulated at 18°C.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Florida race 1 biovar 1 strains infected potato and produced wilt at 18°C.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume0 - Interactor
- race 1 biovar 1 Phylotype IIB Sequevar 4 strainse0pathogen
- Outcome
- wilt symptoms on potatoe0
- Qualifier
- 18°Ce0
- Setting
- Floridae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“race 1 biovar 1 Phylotype IIB Sequevar 4 strains present in Florida which were able to infect and produce wilt symptoms on potato and tomato at 18°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Florida race 1 biovar 1 strains infected tomato and produced wilt at 18°C.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Interactor
- race 1 biovar 1 Phylotype IIB Sequevar 4 strainse0pathogen
- Outcome
- wilt symptoms on potato and tomatoe0
- Qualifier
- 18°Ce0
- Setting
- Floridae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“race 1 biovar 1 Phylotype IIB Sequevar 4 strains present in Florida which were able to infect and produce wilt symptoms on potato and tomato at 18°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Those strains infected tomato at rates similar to R3B2 strains.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- race 1 biovar 1 Phylotype IIB Sequevar 4 strainse1pathogen
- Outcome
- infected tomato plants at ratese0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- strains belonging to R3B2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they infected tomato plants at rates similar to strains belonging to R3B2”
e1“race 1 biovar 1 Phylotype IIB Sequevar 4 strains”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem-inoculated strains normally nonpathogenic at 18°C multiplied, moved in planta and caused partial wilt.
- Taxon
- potato and tomatoSolanum lycopersicumSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- inoculated directly into the steme0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume2pathogen - Outcome
- cause partial wilte0
- Qualifier
- 18°Ce0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strains naturally nonpathogenic at 18°C were able to multiply, move in planta, and cause partial wilt when inoculated directly into the stem”
e1“potato and tomato”
e2“Ralstonia solanacearum”
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See all 30 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.