Abstract
A greenhouse experiment was performed to test whether competition, and possibly allelopathy, were involved in Rottboellia cochinchinensis –maize interactions in two soil conditions: fertilized and unfertilized. Changes in morphological and physiological growth parameters for each species were determined by classical plant growth analysis. The dry weight and total leaf area of maize grown with Rottboellia decreased significantly as the density of the weed or maize plants increased, particularly under unfertilized conditions. At high densities of Rottboellia , regardless of fertilization, its root biomass allocation was 38% greater than the stem and leaf biomass allocation. In contrast, in unfertilized conditions, Rottboellia biomass allocation was higher in leaves than in roots and stems at high densities of maize or Rottboellia . Relative crowding coefficient values indicated that maize had a competitive advantage over Rottboellia . Mutual allelopathic effects of maize– Rottboellia interactions were not fully demonstrated because plant relative yield values were not significant among treatments. When the density of Rottboellia increased, its total leaf area and total dry weight significantly decreased, greater than when the density of maize increased. These results indicate that intra‐specific competition between Rottboellia plants was greater than inter‐specific competition with maize. High densities of maize significantly reduced the total leaf area of maize and Rottboellia . Reductions in the total leaf area of maize were greater under unfertilized conditions. The results showed that maize was more affected by fertilization than by the density of plants.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Maize dry weight declined significantly with increasing weed or maize density, especially without fertilization.
- Treatment
- density of the weed or maize plantse1
- Interactor
- Rottboellia
Rottboelliae1weed - Outcome
- dry weighte1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Qualifier
- particularly under unfertilized conditionse1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The dry weight and total leaf area of maize grown with Rottboellia decreased significantly as the density of the weed or maize plants increased, particularly under unfertilized conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize total leaf area declined significantly with increasing weed or maize density, especially without fertilization.
- Treatment
- density of the weed or maize plantse1
- Interactor
- RottboelliaRottboelliae1weed
- Outcome
- total leaf areae1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The dry weight and total leaf area of maize grown with Rottboellia decreased significantly as the density of the weed or maize plants increased, particularly under unfertilized conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
At high Rottboellia densities, root biomass allocation was 38% greater than stem and leaf allocation regardless of fertilization.
- Taxon
- RottboelliaRottboelliae1
- Treatment
- high densities of Rottboelliae1
- Outcome
- root biomass allocatione1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- 38%e1
- Comparator
- stem and leaf biomass allocatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“At high densities of Rottboellia , regardless of fertilization, its root biomass allocation was 38% greater than the stem and leaf biomass allocation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Without fertilization, Rottboellia biomass allocation was greater in leaves than roots and stems at high plant densities.
- Taxon
- RottboelliaRottboelliae1
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- high densities of maize or Rottboelliae1
- Outcome
- biomass allocatione1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- roots and stemse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in unfertilized conditions, Rottboellia biomass allocation was higher in leaves than in roots and stems at high densities of maize or Rottboellia”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative crowding coefficients indicated a competitive advantage for maize over Rottboellia.
- Interactor
- RottboelliaRottboelliae1weed
- Outcome
- competitive advantagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Relative crowding coefficient values indicated that maize had a competitive advantage over Rottboellia .”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative yield values did not demonstrate mutual allelopathy between maize and Rottboellia.
- Treatment
- treatmentse1
- Interactor
- RottboelliaRottboelliae1weed
- Outcome
- plant relative yield valuese1
- Direction
- not significante1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Mutual allelopathic effects of maize– Rottboellia interactions were not fully demonstrated because plant relative yield values were not significant among treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Rottboellia density significantly reduced its total leaf area more than increasing maize density.
- Taxon
- RottboelliaRottboelliae1
- Treatment
- density of Rottboelliae1
- Outcome
- total leaf areae1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- density of maizee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“When the density of Rottboellia increased, its total leaf area and total dry weight significantly decreased, greater than when the density of maize increased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Rottboellia density significantly reduced its total dry weight more than increasing maize density.
- Taxon
- RottboelliaRottboelliae1
- Treatment
- density of Rottboelliae1
- Outcome
- total dry weighte1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- density of maizee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“When the density of Rottboellia increased, its total leaf area and total dry weight significantly decreased, greater than when the density of maize increased.”
Claim · model-written summary
High maize density significantly reduced maize total leaf area.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“High densities of maize significantly reduced the total leaf area of maize and Rottboellia .”
Claim · model-written summary
High maize density significantly reduced Rottboellia total leaf area.
- Taxon
- RottboelliaRottboelliae1
- Treatment
- High densities of maizee1
- Outcome
- total leaf areae1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“High densities of maize significantly reduced the total leaf area of maize and Rottboellia .”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize total leaf area reductions were greater without fertilization.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Reductions in the total leaf area of maize were greater under unfertilized conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that fertilization affected maize more than plant density.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results showed that maize was more affected by fertilization than by the density of plants.”