Abstract
Zoospores of Phytophthora megasperma Drechs. f. sp. medicaginis (Pmm), an alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) pathogen, and P. megasperma f. sp. glycinea (Pmg), a pathogen of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), were used to inoculate alfalfa seedlings from the Pmm-susceptible cultivar 'Vernal' and the Pmm-resistant breeding line M193. The susceptible interaction ('Vernal'–Pmm) was characterized by rapid disruption of host mitochondria in cells adjacent to intercellular hyphae, dissolution of host cell walls, and death of host cells 12–24 h after inoculation. Colonization of roots was extensive, and hyphae usually appeared healthy. Both host resistant (M193–Pmm) and nonhost resistant (M193 or 'Vernal' – Pmg) interactions were characterized by hyphal growth inhibition, production of cell wall appositions in root cells in contact with hyphae, and rapid necrosis of root cells. Wall appositions were more numerous in root cells in contact with Pmg than with Pmm, and rapid cell necrosis was more extensive in the nonhost resistant interaction than in the host resistant interaction. Numerous abnormalities were observed in Pmg hyphae. Nonhost resistance was expressed more rapidly and appeared to be more effective than host resistance in limiting hyphal growth. An examination of a compatible interaction of Pmg with soybean indicated that its mode of pathogenesis may be fundamentally different from that of Pmm in alfalfa.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The susceptible Vernal–Pmm interaction rapidly disrupted host mitochondria, dissolved walls and killed cells within 12–24 hours.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativat0 - Material
- 'Vernal'e0
- Interactor
- Pmme0pathogen
- Outcome
- rapid disruption of host mitochondria in cells adjacent to intercellular hyphae, dissolution of host cell walls, and death of host cellse0
- Value
- 12–24 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The susceptible interaction ('Vernal'–Pmm) was characterized by rapid disruption of host mitochondria in cells adjacent to intercellular hyphae, dissolution of host cell walls, and death of host cells 12–24 h after inoculation”
t0“alfalfa with Phytophthora megasperma”
Claim · model-written summary
Root colonization was extensive and hyphae usually appeared healthy in the susceptible interaction.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- Colonization of roots was extensive, and hyphae usually appeared healthye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Colonization of roots was extensive, and hyphae usually appeared healthy”
t0“alfalfa with Phytophthora megasperma”
Claim · model-written summary
Host-resistant M193–Pmm interaction showed hyphal growth inhibition, cell wall appositions and rapid root-cell necrosis.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Material
- M193e0
- Interactor
- Pmme0pathogen
- Outcome
- hyphal growth inhibition, production of cell wall appositions in root cells in contact with hyphae, and rapid necrosis of root cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both host resistant (M193–Pmm) and nonhost resistant (M193 or 'Vernal' – Pmg) interactions were characterized by hyphal growth inhibition, production of cell wall appositions in root cells in contact with hyphae, and rapid necrosis of root cells”
t0“alfalfa with Phytophthora megasperma”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonhost-resistant M193 or Vernal–Pmg interaction showed hyphal growth inhibition, wall appositions and rapid root-cell necrosis.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Material
- M193 or 'Vernal'e0
- Interactor
- Pmge0pathogen
- Outcome
- hyphal growth inhibition, production of cell wall appositions in root cells in contact with hyphae, and rapid necrosis of root cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both host resistant (M193–Pmm) and nonhost resistant (M193 or 'Vernal' – Pmg) interactions were characterized by hyphal growth inhibition, production of cell wall appositions in root cells in contact with hyphae, and rapid necrosis of root cells”
t0“alfalfa with Phytophthora megasperma”
Claim · model-written summary
Root-cell wall appositions were more numerous with Pmg than Pmm.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Interactor
- Pmge0pathogen
- Outcome
- Wall appositionse0
- Direction
- more numerouse0
- Comparator
- Pmme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wall appositions were more numerous in root cells in contact with Pmg than with Pmm”
t0“alfalfa with Phytophthora megasperma”
Claim · model-written summary
Rapid cell necrosis was more extensive in nonhost than host resistance.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- rapid cell necrosise0
- Direction
- more extensivee0
- Comparator
- host resistant interactione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rapid cell necrosis was more extensive in the nonhost resistant interaction than in the host resistant interaction”
t0“alfalfa with Phytophthora megasperma”
Claim · model-written summary
Numerous abnormalities occurred in Pmg hyphae.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Interactor
- Pmge0pathogen
- Outcome
- abnormalities were observed in Pmg hyphaee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Numerous abnormalities were observed in Pmg hyphae”
t0“alfalfa with Phytophthora megasperma”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonhost resistance acted more rapidly and seemed more effective at limiting hyphal growth than host resistance.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- limiting hyphal growthe0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- host resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nonhost resistance was expressed more rapidly and appeared to be more effective than host resistance in limiting hyphal growth”
t0“alfalfa with Phytophthora megasperma”
Claim · model-written summary
Pmg pathogenesis in soybean may differ fundamentally from Pmm pathogenesis in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Interactor
- Pmme0pathogen
- Outcome
- mode of pathogenesise0
- Direction
- fundamentally differente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its mode of pathogenesis may be fundamentally different from that of Pmm in alfalfa”