Abstract
Petroleum ether, acetone, water and aqueous extract of Pedalium murex L. (Pedalaceae) leaves, root and fruit were tested against fourth instar larvae of the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabr.) under laboratory conditions using leaf dip method. Larval mortality; larval, pupal and adult periods; pupal weight, pupation and adult emergence; larval and pupal deformities of S. litura were recorded. All the tested solvent extracts of P. murex were effective against S. litura life stages by causing mortality in a dose dependent manner. However, the efficacy was more significant with respect to acetone (leaf and root) and petroleum ether (root) at higher concentrations (0.8%) which leads to 100% larval mortality. The water and aqueous extracts of root caused 86.6 and 88.0% larval mortality respectively at 4% concentration. Among the plant parts tested, root had more importance followed by leaf and fruit. Plant extracts extended the larval, pupal and adult periods; reduced the pupal weight, pupal and adult emergence and caused larval–pupal deformities. Total life time was highly prolonged in acetone extracts of P. murex root. Though all the extracts were found to have insecticide activity, acetone and petroleum ether extracts of P. murex root can be used as an effective alternative to modern synthetic insecticides. Bioactive principles from these extracts can be isolated, identified and integrated in S. litura management.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
All solvent extracts caused dose-dependent mortality of S. litura.
- Taxon
- Pedalium murex L.
Pedalium murext0 - Treatment
- solvent extracts of P. murexe0
- Interactor
- S. litura
Spodoptera liturae0pest - Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- dose dependente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the tested solvent extracts of P. murex were effective against S. litura life stages by causing mortality in a dose dependent manner.”
t0“Pedalium murex L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetone leaf extract at 0.8% caused complete larval mortality.
- Taxon
- Pedalium murex L.Pedalium murext0
- Interactor
- S. lituraSpodoptera liturae0e1pest
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“acetone (leaf and root) and petroleum ether (root) at higher concentrations (0.8%) which leads to 100% larval mortality.”
t0“Pedalium murex L.”
e1“All the tested solvent extracts of P. murex were effective against S. litura life stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Petroleum ether root extract at 0.8% caused complete larval mortality.
- Taxon
- Pedalium murex L.Pedalium murext0
- Treatment
- petroleum ether (root)e0
- Outcome
- larval mortalitye0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Qualifier
- 0.8%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“petroleum ether (root) at higher concentrations (0.8%) which leads to 100% larval mortality.”
t0“Pedalium murex L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Water root extract at 4% caused 86.6% larval mortality.
- Taxon
- Pedalium murex L.Pedalium murext0
- Treatment
- watere0
- Outcome
- larval mortalitye0
- Value
- 86.6e0
- Qualifier
- 4% concentratione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water and aqueous extracts of root caused 86.6 and 88.0% larval mortality respectively at 4% concentration.”
t0“Pedalium murex L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aqueous root extract at 4% caused 88.0% larval mortality.
- Taxon
- Pedalium murex L.Pedalium murext0
- Treatment
- aqueous extracts of roote0
- Outcome
- larval mortalitye0
- Value
- 88.0%e0
- Qualifier
- 4% concentratione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“aqueous extracts of root caused 86.6 and 88.0% larval mortality respectively at 4% concentration.”
t0“Pedalium murex L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Root extracts ranked above leaf and fruit extracts for efficacy.
- Taxon
- Pedalium murex L.Pedalium murext0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- more importancee0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- leaf and fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root had more importance followed by leaf and fruit.”
t0“Pedalium murex L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracts prolonged larval, pupal and adult periods.
- Taxon
- Pedalium murex L.Pedalium murext0
- Treatment
- Plant extractse0
- Outcome
- larval, pupal and adult periodse0
- Direction
- extendede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant extracts extended the larval, pupal and adult periods”
t0“Pedalium murex L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracts reduced pupal weight and pupal and adult emergence.
- Taxon
- Pedalium murex L.Pedalium murext0
- Treatment
- Plant extractse0
- Outcome
- pupal weight, pupal and adult emergencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant extracts extended the larval, pupal and adult periods; reduced the pupal weight, pupal and adult emergence”
t0“Pedalium murex L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracts caused larval-pupal deformities.
- Taxon
- Pedalium murex L.Pedalium murext0
- Treatment
- Plant extractse0
- Outcome
- larval–pupal deformitiese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant extracts extended the larval, pupal and adult periods; reduced the pupal weight, pupal and adult emergence and caused larval–pupal deformities.”
t0“Pedalium murex L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetone root extract greatly prolonged total life time.
- Taxon
- Pedalium murex L.Pedalium murext0
- Treatment
- acetone extracts of P. murex roote0
- Outcome
- Total life timee0
- Direction
- highly prolongede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total life time was highly prolonged in acetone extracts of P. murex root.”
t0“Pedalium murex L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose acetone and petroleum ether root extracts as alternatives to synthetic insecticides.
- Taxon
- Pedalium murex L.Pedalium murext0
- Outcome
- effective alternative to modern synthetic insecticidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“acetone and petroleum ether extracts of P. murex root can be used as an effective alternative to modern synthetic insecticides”
t0“Pedalium murex L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose isolation and integration of extract bioactives into S. litura management.
- Taxon
- Pedalium murex L.Pedalium murext0
- Outcome
- integrated in S. litura managemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bioactive principles from these extracts can be isolated, identified and integrated in S. litura management.”
t0“Pedalium murex L.”