Abstract
Annual bluegrass control was reduced following 7 yr of continuous fall application of dinitroaniline (DNA) herbicides. Annual bluegrass control was < 40% on two fairways in year eight following prodiamine applied at 1.1 kg ai ha−1. In dose–response studies conducted in growth chambers, this annual bluegrass population exhibited 105-fold resistance in shoot growth to prodiamine compared with a known susceptible population. A 6.4-fold resistance to prodiamine was found when comparing annual bluegrass root growth to the known susceptible biotype. Spring-applied oxadiazon did not affect shoot or root growth between annual bluegrass biotypes. Equivalent levels of control were attained with pronamide. The presence of DNA-resistant annual bluegrass, in addition to previously confirmed triazine-resistant biotypes on North Carolina golf courses, indicates a need for resistance management strategies to be integrated into golf turf management practices.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous fall dinitroaniline applications reduced annual bluegrass control after seven years.
- Taxon
- Annual bluegrasse0
- Treatment
- 7 yr of continuous fall application of dinitroaniline (DNA) herbicidese0
- Outcome
- Annual bluegrass controle0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Annual bluegrass control was reduced following 7 yr of continuous fall application of dinitroaniline (DNA) herbicides.”
Claim · model-written summary
Prodiamine control of annual bluegrass was below 40% on two fairways in year eight.
- Taxon
- Annual bluegrasse0
- Treatment
- prodiamine applied at 1.1 kg ai ha−1e0
- Outcome
- Annual bluegrass controle0
- Value
- < 40%e0
- Setting
- two fairwayse0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Annual bluegrass control was < 40% on two fairways in year eight following prodiamine applied at 1.1 kg ai ha−1.”
Claim · model-written summary
The population had 105-fold shoot growth resistance to prodiamine versus a susceptible population.
- Taxon
- annual bluegrasse0
- Treatment
- prodiaminee0
- Outcome
- resistance in shoot growthe0
- Value
- 105-folde0
- Comparator
- a known susceptible populatione0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“this annual bluegrass population exhibited 105-fold resistance in shoot growth to prodiamine compared with a known susceptible population”
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth showed 6.4-fold prodiamine resistance versus the susceptible biotype.
Verbatim
e0“A 6.4-fold resistance to prodiamine was found when comparing annual bluegrass root growth to the known susceptible biotype.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring oxadiazon did not differentially affect shoot or root growth between biotypes.
Verbatim
e0“Spring-applied oxadiazon did not affect shoot or root growth between annual bluegrass biotypes.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pronamide attained equivalent control levels.
Verbatim
e0“Equivalent levels of control were attained with pronamide.”
t0“annual bluegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors call for resistance management in golf turf practices.
Verbatim
e0“indicates a need for resistance management strategies to be integrated into golf turf management practices”
t0“annual bluegrass”