Abstract
The effects of plant population density on total dry matter (TDM) production, and on pod and kernel yields, of 2 peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars (Virginia and Spanish) were investigated under a range of contrasting soil water availability regimes. Protracted crop water deficits were applied to each plant population density treatment in 3 experiments: (i) from planting until the early pod-filling phase (DSWF, dry start, wet finish); (ii) during the pod-filling to maturity phase (WSDF, wet start, dry finish); (iii) from flowering to maturity (TS, terminal stress). Crop water deficits of varying timing and severity were shown to modify substantially the effect of plant population on yield response compared with that observed under well-watered conditions. In most cases, TDM was maximised at the lowest density (40000 Plants/ha). In the WSDF and DSWF experiments, significant cultivar x plant population interactions for pod yield were found. The Spanish cultivar, McCubbin, showed strong pod yield response to S30000 plants/ha, while the Virginia cultivar, Early Bunch, did not respond to increases in plant population above 40000 plants/ha. These differing responses were probably associated with cultivar differences in branching pattern. Under extreme water stress situations where crops were forced to rely solely on soil water reserves (TS), pod yields were highest at the lowest plant population density and declined rapidly as plant population increased. The Gardner and Gardner (1983) model provided a useful framework to characterise the plant population-pod yield response under reduced water availability. The assumptions that both partitioning of dry matter to pods and the hypothetical minimum plant size capable of producing pods were crop constants, irrespective of crop water deficits experienced, were shown to be invalid. These constants may, however, be linearly related to water availability. Relationships relating these parameters to an index of crop or soil water status may improve the predictive capability of the model under water-limited conditions.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficits changed the effect of plant density on yield relative to well-watered conditions.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeae1 - Treatment
- Crop water deficits of varying timing and severitye0
- Outcome
- plant population on yield responsee0
- Comparator
- well-watered conditionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crop water deficits of varying timing and severity were shown to modify substantially the effect of plant population on yield response compared with that observed under well-watered conditions.”
e1“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total dry matter was usually greatest at 40000 Plants/ha.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Outcome
- TDMe0
- Direction
- maximisede0
- Value
- 40000 Plants/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In most cases, TDM was maximised at the lowest density (40000 Plants/ha).”
e1“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod yield showed significant cultivar-by-density interactions in WSDF and DSWF experiments.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Material
- cultivare0
- Outcome
- pod yielde0
- Qualifier
- WSDF and DSWF experimentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the WSDF and DSWF experiments, significant cultivar x plant population interactions for pod yield were found.”
e1“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
McCubbin had a strong pod yield response to S30000 plants/ha.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Material
- McCubbine0
- Treatment
- S30000 plants/hae0
- Outcome
- pod yield responsee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Spanish cultivar, McCubbin, showed strong pod yield response to S30000 plants/ha”
e1“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Early Bunch pod yield did not respond to density above 40000 plants/ha.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Material
- Early Bunche0
- Treatment
- increases in plant population above 40000 plants/hae0
- Outcome
- did not responde0
- Direction
- did not responde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Virginia cultivar, Early Bunch, did not respond to increases in plant population above 40000 plants/ha”
e1“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under terminal stress, pod yield was highest at the lowest density and fell with greater population.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- plant population increasede0
- Outcome
- pod yieldse0
- Direction
- declined rapidlye0
- Qualifier
- extreme water stress situationse0
- Comparator
- lowest plant population densitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under extreme water stress situations where crops were forced to rely solely on soil water reserves (TS), pod yields were highest at the lowest plant population density and declined rapidly as plant population increased.”
e1“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The Gardner and Gardner model usefully characterized density–pod yield response under limited water.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Outcome
- useful framework to characterise the plant population-pod yield responsee0
- Qualifier
- under reduced water availabilitye0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Gardner and Gardner (1983) model provided a useful framework to characterise the plant population-pod yield response under reduced water availability.”
e1“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry-matter partitioning to pods was not constant across water deficits.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Outcome
- partitioning of dry matter to podse0
- Qualifier
- irrespective of crop water deficits experiencede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both partitioning of dry matter to pods and the hypothetical minimum plant size capable of producing pods were crop constants, irrespective of crop water deficits experienced, were shown to be invalid.”
e1“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The hypothetical minimum plant size for pod production was not constant across water deficits.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Outcome
- hypothetical minimum plant size capable of producing podse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the hypothetical minimum plant size capable of producing pods were crop constants, irrespective of crop water deficits experienced, were shown to be invalid.”
e1“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The model parameters may be linearly related to water availability.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- water availabilitye0
- Outcome
- These constantse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These constants may, however, be linearly related to water availability.”
e1“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
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