Paper · 1965 · Annals of Applied Biology

The epidemiology of Phytophthora infestans. IV. Spraying trials, 1959 to 1963, and the infection of tubers

J. M. HIRST; O. J. STEDMAN; J. LACEY; et al.

10
claims
25
verbatim quotes
39
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

SUMMARY The methods needed to decrease losses from potato blight in the variety Majestic are different from those required for King Edward. Few Majestic tubers become infected and control depends chiefly on prolonging the life of the haulm to ensure the maximum yield of tubers. With King Edward, infected tubers often cause more loss than premature defoliation. Tuber infection often occurs very early in the attacks, when profuse sporulation coincides with sufficient rain to penetrate through soil to the tubers. Spraying with fungicide delayed initial tuber infection of King Edward but did not necessarily decrease the proportion of tubers infected at harvest. The largest yield of sound tubers from fungicide‐sprayed plots in the 1960 epidemic was obtained after killing the haulm when only 5% had been destroyed by blight. Allowing the foliage to survive later than this stage did not increase the yield of sound tubers even in years when blight attacks were late and slow. Protection with fungicide and haulm destruction are complementary treatments, both of which require careful timing to obtain the best result with tuber‐susceptible varieties.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 10

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Potato blight loss-control methods differ between the Majestic and King Edward varieties.

Material
Majestice0
Outcome
The methods needed to decrease losses from potato blighte0
Comparator
King Edwarde0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum · TaxonScott Bauer, USDA ARS · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The methods needed to decrease losses from potato blight in the variety Majestic are different from those required for King Edward”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 8–138 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Few Majestic tubers become infected by Phytophthora infestans.

Material
Majestice1
Organ / stage
tuberse1
Interactor
Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanst0pathogen
Outcome
become infectede1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum · TaxonScott Bauer, USDA ARS · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora infestans · InteractorHoward F. Schwartz, Colorado State University, United States · CC BY 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Phytophthora infestans”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 20–42 · show in text ↑
e0

“The methods needed to decrease losses from potato blight in the variety Majestic are different from those required for King Edward”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 8–138 · show in text ↑
e1

“Few Majestic tubers become infected and control depends chiefly on prolonging the life of the haulm to ensure the maximum yield of tubers”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 140–277 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

For Majestic potato, control depends chiefly on prolonging haulm life to maximise tuber yield.

Material
Majestice1
Outcome
prolonging the life of the haulm to ensure the maximum yield of tuberse1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum · TaxonScott Bauer, USDA ARS · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The methods needed to decrease losses from potato blight in the variety Majestic are different from those required for King Edward”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 8–138 · show in text ↑
e1

“Few Majestic tubers become infected and control depends chiefly on prolonging the life of the haulm to ensure the maximum yield of tubers”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 140–277 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In King Edward, infected tubers often cause more loss than premature defoliation.

Material
King Edwarde2
Organ / stage
tuberse2
Interactor
Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanst0pathogen
Outcome
cause more losse2
Comparator
premature defoliatione2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum · TaxonScott Bauer, USDA ARS · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora infestans · InteractorHoward F. Schwartz, Colorado State University, United States · CC BY 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Phytophthora infestans”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 20–42 · show in text ↑
e0

“The methods needed to decrease losses from potato blight in the variety Majestic are different from those required for King Edward”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 8–138 · show in text ↑
e2

“With King Edward, infected tubers often cause more loss than premature defoliation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 279–361 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Tuber infection often occurs very early in attacks, when profuse sporulation coincides with sufficient rain to penetrate soil to the tubers.

Organ / stage
tuberse3
Interactor
Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanst0pathogen
Outcome
Tuber infection often occurs very early in the attackse3
Qualifier
when profuse sporulation coincides with sufficient rain to penetrate through soil to the tuberse3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum · TaxonScott Bauer, USDA ARS · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora infestans · InteractorHoward F. Schwartz, Colorado State University, United States · CC BY 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Phytophthora infestans”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 20–42 · show in text ↑
e0

“The methods needed to decrease losses from potato blight in the variety Majestic are different from those required for King Edward”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 8–138 · show in text ↑
e3

“Tuber infection often occurs very early in the attacks, when profuse sporulation coincides with sufficient rain to penetrate through soil to the tubers”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 363–514 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fungicide spraying delayed initial tuber infection in King Edward.

Material
King Edwarde4
Treatment
Spraying with fungicidee4
Interactor
Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanst0pathogen
Outcome
initial tuber infectione4
Direction
delayede4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum · TaxonScott Bauer, USDA ARS · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora infestans · InteractorHoward F. Schwartz, Colorado State University, United States · CC BY 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Phytophthora infestans”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 20–42 · show in text ↑
e0

“The methods needed to decrease losses from potato blight in the variety Majestic are different from those required for King Edward”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 8–138 · show in text ↑
e4

“Spraying with fungicide delayed initial tuber infection of King Edward but did not necessarily decrease the proportion of tubers infected at harvest”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 516–664 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fungicide spraying did not necessarily decrease the proportion of King Edward tubers infected at harvest.

Material
King Edwarde4
Treatment
Spraying with fungicidee4
Interactor
Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanst0pathogen
Outcome
proportion of tubers infected at harveste4
Direction
did not necessarily decreasee4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum · TaxonScott Bauer, USDA ARS · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora infestans · InteractorHoward F. Schwartz, Colorado State University, United States · CC BY 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Phytophthora infestans”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 20–42 · show in text ↑
e0

“The methods needed to decrease losses from potato blight in the variety Majestic are different from those required for King Edward”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 8–138 · show in text ↑
e4

“Spraying with fungicide delayed initial tuber infection of King Edward but did not necessarily decrease the proportion of tubers infected at harvest”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 516–664 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Killing the haulm when only 5% had been destroyed by blight gave the largest yield of sound tubers in fungicide-sprayed plots in the 1960 epidemic.

Treatment
killing the haulm when only 5% had been destroyed by blighte6
Outcome
yield of sound tuberse5
Direction
largeste5
Qualifier
1960 epidemice6

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum · TaxonScott Bauer, USDA ARS · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The methods needed to decrease losses from potato blight in the variety Majestic are different from those required for King Edward”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 8–138 · show in text ↑
e5

“The largest yield of sound tubers”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 666–699 · show in text ↑
e6

“in the 1960 epidemic was obtained after killing the haulm when only 5% had been destroyed by blight”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 729–828 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Allowing the foliage to survive later than the 5% haulm-destruction stage did not increase sound tuber yield, even in late, slow blight years.

Treatment
Allowing the foliage to survive later than this stagee7
Outcome
yield of sound tuberse7
Direction
did not increasee7
Qualifier
even in years when blight attacks were late and slowe7

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum · TaxonScott Bauer, USDA ARS · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The methods needed to decrease losses from potato blight in the variety Majestic are different from those required for King Edward”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 8–138 · show in text ↑
e7

“Allowing the foliage to survive later than this stage did not increase the yield of sound tubers even in years when blight attacks were late and slow”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 830–979 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Fungicide protection and haulm destruction are complementary potato treatments that both require careful timing.

Outcome
complementary treatmentse6
Qualifier
require careful timinge6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum · TaxonScott Bauer, USDA ARS · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The methods needed to decrease losses from potato blight in the variety Majestic are different from those required for King Edward”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 8–138 · show in text ↑
e6

“Protection with fungicide and haulm destruction are complementary treatments, both of which require careful timing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 981–1095 · show in text ↑

application · Phytophthora infestans · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results

35 papers: 32 positive, 3 negative or no effect

31 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

31 papers more in this group

See all 35 papers →

fungicide · Phytophthora infestans · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results

40 papers: 32 positive, 8 negative or no effect

31 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. negative

36 papers more in this group

See all 40 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.