Abstract
Heterotic groups are an essential prerequisite for efficient hybrid breeding. The present study in winter triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) was performed to (i) evaluate the magnitude of heterosis, (ii) investigate the efficiency of the prediction of hybrid performance based on midparent value or general combining ability (GCA) effects, and (iii) identify two heterotic groups by employing principle coordinate analysis and an enumeration algorithm for maximizing F 1 performance, midparent heterosis, and σ GCA 2 /σ SCA 2 ratio for grain yield. Twenty‐one inbred lines and their 210 diallel crosses were field‐evaluated for grain yield at five agroecologically diverse locations in Germany. On average, the hybrids yielded 8.6% higher than the midparent performance, and the maximum superiority was 12.4%. Hybrid performance was predicted more reliably with GCA effects rather than with midparent performance. An enumeration algorithm based on optimum allocation of parents to heterotic groups, improved all three criteria. F 1 performance, midparent heterosis, and σ GCA 2 /σ SCA 2 ratio increased by about 3, 24, and 70%, respectively, as compared with the base situation of having no heterotic groups. These improvements substantiate the potential advantages, when heterotic groups are developed in hybrid breeding.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Hybrids yielded 8.6% above midparent performance on average.
- Taxon
- Triticale
×Triticosecalet0 - Outcome
- hybrids yieldede0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 8.6%e0
- Comparator
- midparent performancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On average, the hybrids yielded 8.6% higher than the midparent performance”
t0“Triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum hybrid superiority was 12.4%.
- Taxon
- Triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Outcome
- maximum superioritye0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 12.4%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum superiority was 12.4%”
t0“Triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
GCA effects predicted hybrid performance more reliably than midparent performance.
- Taxon
- Triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Outcome
- Hybrid performance was predicted more reliablye0
- Direction
- more reliablye0
- Comparator
- midparent performancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hybrid performance was predicted more reliably with GCA effects rather than with midparent performance.”
t0“Triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Heterotic grouping raised F 1 performance about 3% over no grouping.
- Taxon
- Triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Outcome
- F 1 performancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3e0
- Comparator
- base situation of having no heterotic groupse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F 1 performance, midparent heterosis, and σ GCA 2 /σ SCA 2 ratio increased by about 3, 24, and 70%, respectively, as compared with the base situation of having no heterotic groups.”
t0“Triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Heterotic grouping raised midparent heterosis about 24% over no grouping.
- Taxon
- Triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Outcome
- midparent heterosise0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 24e0
- Comparator
- base situation of having no heterotic groupse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F 1 performance, midparent heterosis, and σ GCA 2 /σ SCA 2 ratio increased by about 3, 24, and 70%, respectively, as compared with the base situation of having no heterotic groups.”
t0“Triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Heterotic grouping raised the GCA/SCA variance ratio about 70% over no grouping.
- Taxon
- Triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Outcome
- σ GCA 2 /σ SCA 2 ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 70%e0
- Comparator
- base situation of having no heterotic groupse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F 1 performance, midparent heterosis, and σ GCA 2 /σ SCA 2 ratio increased by about 3, 24, and 70%, respectively, as compared with the base situation of having no heterotic groups.”
t0“Triticale”