Abstract
Abstract Field and laboratory studies at Ibadan, Nigeria, showed that the young nymphs of Zonocerus variegatus (L.) normally reject cassava after biting it and die if they are confined on growing leaves. Later instars will eat cassava, especially when deprived of food for some time, but the adults progressively lose weight when restricted to feeding on growing cassava. On cut cassava, on the other hand, extensive feeding occurs and normal growth is maintained. The change from unpalatability to acceptability occurs within about an hour of cutting and is apparently associated with wilting. Cassava produces latex, but this was not distasteful to Zonocerus . The readiness to feed on growing cassava was associated with low levels of hydrogen cyanide production by the leaves; wilted leaves still produced hydrogen cyanide, but at a lower rate than turgid, growing leaves. In the area around Ibadan, Zonocerus regularly defoliates cassava in the latter part of the dry season, probably because a shortage of attractive foods forces the insect to eat cassava.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Young Zonocerus nymphs reject cassava after biting it.
- Taxon
- cassava
Manihot esculentat0 - Organ / stage
- young nymphse0
- Interactor
- Zonocerus variegatus (L.)
.jpg?width=60)
Zonocerus variegatuse0herbivore - Outcome
- reject cassavae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the young nymphs of Zonocerus variegatus (L.) normally reject cassava after biting it”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Young nymphs die when confined to growing cassava leaves.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Interactor
- Zonocerus variegatus (L.)Zonocerus variegatuse0herbivore
- Outcome
- diee0
- Qualifier
- confined on growing leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the young nymphs of Zonocerus variegatus (L.) normally reject cassava after biting it and die if they are confined on growing leaves.”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Later instars eat cassava, especially after food deprivation.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Outcome
- eat cassavae0
- Qualifier
- deprived of food for some timee0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Later instars will eat cassava, especially when deprived of food for some time”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Adults lost weight while restricted to growing cassava.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Outcome
- adults progressively lose weighte0
- Direction
- lose weighte0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the adults progressively lose weight when restricted to feeding on growing cassava.”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Cut cassava supported extensive feeding and normal growth.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Treatment
- cut cassavae0
- Outcome
- extensive feeding occurs and normal growth is maintainede0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On cut cassava, on the other hand, extensive feeding occurs and normal growth is maintained.”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Cutting changed cassava from unpalatable to acceptable within about an hour.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Outcome
- change from unpalatability to acceptabilitye0
- Value
- within about an houre0
- Qualifier
- apparently associated with wiltinge0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The change from unpalatability to acceptability occurs within about an hour of cutting and is apparently associated with wilting.”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Cassava latex was not distasteful to Zonocerus.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Compound
- latexe0
- Outcome
- not distastefule0
ZonocerusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cassava produces latex, but this was not distasteful to Zonocerus .”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Feeding on growing cassava was associated with low leaf hydrogen cyanide production.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Compound
- hydrogen cyanidee0
- Outcome
- readiness to feed on growing cassavae0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The readiness to feed on growing cassava was associated with low levels of hydrogen cyanide production by the leaves”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Wilted leaves produced hydrogen cyanide more slowly than turgid growing leaves.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Organ / stage
- wilted leavese0
- Outcome
- produced hydrogen cyanidee0
- Direction
- lower ratee0
- Comparator
- turgid, growing leavese0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wilted leaves still produced hydrogen cyanide, but at a lower rate than turgid, growing leaves.”
t0“cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Zonocerus regularly defoliated cassava late in the dry season near Ibadan.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Outcome
- defoliates cassavae0
- Qualifier
- latter part of the dry seasone0
- Setting
- area around Ibadane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the area around Ibadan, Zonocerus regularly defoliates cassava in the latter part of the dry season”
t0“cassava”