Abstract
Sinapis arvensis L. (wild mustard) competed strongly with Saponaria vaccaria L. (cow cockle) in wheat on heavy clay soil. Seed and dry weight production by S. vaccaria were reduced about half by 190 S. arvensis plants/m 2 . S. vaccaria at 314 plants/m 2 had little effect on S. arvensis. Support was obtained for the hypothesis that populations of S. vaccaria increased after 2,4-D came into general use and this species was no longer suppressed by S. arvensis. S. arvensis at 190 plants/m 2 reduced grain yield 38% and 314 S. vaccaria/m 2 reduced it 36%. Competitive effects of both species together were not fully additive because the effects of one species tended to obscure the effects of the other. Intraspecies competition was demonstrated in each weed species by its decrease in productivity per plant as its density increased.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Wild mustard competed strongly with cow cockle in wheat on heavy clay soil.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Interactor
- Sinapis arvensis L.
Mutarda arvensise0weed - Second interactor
- Saponaria vaccaria L.
Gypsophila vaccariae0weed - Outcome
- competed stronglye0
- Setting
- heavy clay soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sinapis arvensis L. (wild mustard) competed strongly with Saponaria vaccaria L. (cow cockle) in wheat on heavy clay soil”
Claim · model-written summary
At 190 wild mustard plants per square metre, cow cockle seed production was reduced about half.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 190 S. arvensis plants/m 2e0
- Interactor
- S. vaccariaGypsophila vaccariae0weed
- Second interactor
- S. arvensisMutarda arvensise0weed
- Outcome
- Seede0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- about halfe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed and dry weight production by S. vaccaria were reduced about half by 190 S. arvensis plants/m 2”
t0“IN WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
At 190 wild mustard plants per square metre, cow cockle dry weight was reduced about half.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 190 S. arvensis plants/m 2e0
- Interactor
- S. vaccariaGypsophila vaccariae0weed
- Second interactor
- S. arvensisMutarda arvensise0weed
- Outcome
- dry weight production by S. vaccariae0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- about halfe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed and dry weight production by S. vaccaria were reduced about half by 190 S. arvensis plants/m 2”
t0“IN WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Cow cockle at 314 plants per square metre had little effect on wild mustard.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- S. vaccaria at 314 plants/m 2e0
- Interactor
- S. arvensisMutarda arvensise0weed
- Second interactor
- S. vaccariaGypsophila vaccariae0weed
- Outcome
- S. arvensise0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. vaccaria at 314 plants/m 2 had little effect on S. arvensis”
t0“IN WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Evidence supported an increase in cow cockle populations after 2,4-D became widely used.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Interactor
- S. vaccariaGypsophila vaccariae0weed
- Outcome
- populations of S. vaccariae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“populations of S. vaccaria increased after 2,4-D came into general use”
t0“IN WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Wild mustard at 190 plants per square metre reduced wheat grain yield by 38%.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- S. arvensis at 190 plants/m 2e0
- Interactor
- S. arvensisMutarda arvensise0weed
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 38%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. arvensis at 190 plants/m 2 reduced grain yield 38%”
t0“IN WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Cow cockle at 314 plants per square metre reduced wheat grain yield by 36%.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 314 S. vaccaria/m 2e0
- Interactor
- S. vaccariaGypsophila vaccariae0weed
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 36%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“314 S. vaccaria/m 2 reduced it 36%”
e1“grain yield”
t0“IN WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
The joint competitive effects of the two weeds were not fully additive.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- S. arvensisMutarda arvensise1weed
- Second interactor
- S. vaccariaGypsophila vaccariae1weed
- Outcome
- Competitive effects of both species togethere0
- Direction
- not fully additivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Competitive effects of both species together were not fully additive”
t0“IN WHEAT”
e1“S. arvensis at 190 plants/m 2 reduced grain yield 38% and 314 S. vaccaria/m 2 reduced it 36%”
Claim · model-written summary
Per-plant productivity decreased as density increased in each weed species.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- densitye0
- Outcome
- productivity per plante0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“each weed species by its decrease in productivity per plant as its density increased”
t0“IN WHEAT”