Abstract
Handgun applicators are popular, general-purpose greenhouse sprayers. However, there are few recommendations on how to use them to treat plant benches. Handgun applications made from one side can result in significant differences in deposits between the side of the plant facing the spray stream and the opposite side. Broadcast spraying over the top of the canopy may improve spray distribution across the canopy. The objective of this research was to determine differences in performance between different sprayers used to treat mature poinsettias and differences in the fate of the spray within the canopy with the aim to determine which techniques produced the highest spray retention on the abaxial leaf surface. A benchtop trial was conducted using a mature poinsettia canopy in a greenhouse. Sprayer treatments were used to apply tank mixes of pesticides and fluorescent tracer. Nylon screen targets were secured to the abaxial surfaces of leaves in the upper and lower parts of the canopy. Benchtop trials revealed significant differences between the amount of spray found on the upper and lower canopy target areas. Handgun nozzle pressure was a more significant factor in depositing material on the abaxial surfaces of leaves than changing application rate. A TwinJet boom system using dual-orifice nozzles did not treat abaxial surfaces differently from the handgun applications. The air-assist treatment with flat-fan nozzles produced the highest mean deposits on abaxial surfaces in the lower canopy area, but overall there were no statistical differences in lower canopy deposits between treatments. These results demonstrate the difficulty that ornamental producers have in targeting pesticide placement on abaxial leaf surfaces deeper in the canopy. The variability in spray deposits observed on foliage demonstrates the potential for significant variability in pest management.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Spray deposits differed significantly between upper and lower canopy targets.
- Taxon
- poinsettia
_04.jpg?width=60)
Euphorbia pulcherrimae1 - Outcome
- amount of spraye0
- Comparator
- upper and lower canopy target arease0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_04.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Benchtop trials revealed significant differences between the amount of spray found on the upper and lower canopy target areas”
e1“poinsettia canopy”
Claim · model-written summary
Handgun nozzle pressure mattered more for abaxial deposition than application rate.
- Taxon
- poinsettiaEuphorbia pulcherrimae1
- Treatment
- Handgun nozzle pressuree0
- Outcome
- depositing material on the abaxial surfaces of leavese0
- Comparator
- changing application ratee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Handgun nozzle pressure was a more significant factor in depositing material on the abaxial surfaces of leaves than changing application rate”
e1“poinsettia canopy”
Claim · model-written summary
TwinJet boom and handgun applications did not differ in treatment of abaxial surfaces.
- Taxon
- poinsettiaEuphorbia pulcherrimae1
- Treatment
- TwinJet boom system using dual-orifice nozzlese0
- Outcome
- abaxial surfacese0
- Direction
- did not treat abaxial surfaces differentlye0
- Comparator
- handgun applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A TwinJet boom system using dual-orifice nozzles did not treat abaxial surfaces differently from the handgun applications”
e1“poinsettia canopy”
Claim · model-written summary
Air assist with flat fan nozzles gave the highest mean lower canopy abaxial deposits.
- Taxon
- poinsettiaEuphorbia pulcherrimae1
- Treatment
- air-assist treatment with flat-fan nozzlese0
- Outcome
- mean deposits on abaxial surfaces in the lower canopy areae0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The air-assist treatment with flat-fan nozzles produced the highest mean deposits on abaxial surfaces in the lower canopy area”
e1“poinsettia canopy”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower canopy deposits showed no statistical differences between treatments overall.
- Taxon
- poinsettiaEuphorbia pulcherrimae1
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- lower canopy depositse0
- Direction
- no statistical differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“overall there were no statistical differences in lower canopy deposits between treatments”
e1“poinsettia canopy”