Abstract
The need for continual improvement in water productivity of rice farming has led to the development of delayed permanent (continuous) water (DPW) irrigation practice for drill-sown rice in south-eastern Australia. Current rice-growing practices have the crop flooded for most, or all, of its growing period, whereas DPW has reduced the period of flooding during the vegetative phase, resulting in significant water savings. The changed water-management practice required nitrogen (N) management practices to be investigated, because traditional N application timings and rates may no longer be suitable. Six experiments were conducted over three rice-growing seasons, 2010–11, 2011–12 and 2012–13, on two soil types in south-eastern Australia. Nitrogen applications at sowing, early tillering, mid-tillering and pre-PW were investigated at different rates and split-timing combinations. In the third season, three current commercial semi-dwarf rice varieties, Reiziq, Sherpa and Langi, were investigated for their growth and grain yield using different N treatments under DPW management. Nitrogen applied with the seed at sowing increased vegetative plant growth but did not increase grain yield, whereas N applied at early tillering had no significant impact on plant growth or grain yield. Nitrogen applied at mid-tillering often increased plant growth but did not lead to increased grain yield over treatments that received all N before PW application at 18–22 days before panicle initiation. When rice is managed under DPW, all N should be applied in one application, before the application of PW. The results from this research show that applying 100 kg N ha–1 before PW for rice grown under DPW was the best N-management option for the experimental fields. All three varieties grew and yielded well under the practice of DPW and responded similarly to N application rates and timings.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen at sowing increased vegetative rice growth.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Nitrogen applied with the seed at sowinge0
- Outcome
- vegetative plant growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen applied with the seed at sowing increased vegetative plant growth but did not increase grain yield”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen at sowing did not increase rice grain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen applied with the seed at sowinge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen applied with the seed at sowing increased vegetative plant growth but did not increase grain yield”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen at early tillering had no significant impact on rice growth or yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N applied at early tilleringe0
- Outcome
- plant growth or grain yielde0
- Direction
- no significant impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N applied at early tillering had no significant impact on plant growth or grain yield”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-tillering nitrogen often increased rice plant growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen applied at mid-tilleringe0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- treatments that received all N before PW application at 18–22 days before panicle initiatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen applied at mid-tillering often increased plant growth but did not lead to increased grain yield over treatments that received all N before PW application at 18–22 days before panicle initiation”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-tillering nitrogen did not increase grain yield over all nitrogen before permanent water.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen applied at mid-tilleringe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- did not lead to increasede0
- Comparator
- treatments that received all N before PW application at 18–22 days before panicle initiatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen applied at mid-tillering often increased plant growth but did not lead to increased grain yield over treatments that received all N before PW application at 18–22 days before panicle initiation”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend applying all nitrogen once before permanent water under DPW.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- all N should be applied in one application, before the application of PWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When rice is managed under DPW, all N should be applied in one application, before the application of PW”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 100 kg N ha–1 before PW was the best management option in experimental fields.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 100 kg N ha–1 before PWe0
- Outcome
- applying 100 kg N ha–1 before PWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applying 100 kg N ha–1 before PW for rice grown under DPW was the best N-management option for the experimental fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Reiziq, Sherpa and Langi grew and yielded well under DPW and responded similarly to N timing and rate.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Reiziq, Sherpa and Langie1
- Treatment
- DPWe0
- Outcome
- grew and yielded welle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All three varieties grew and yielded well under the practice of DPW and responded similarly to N application rates and timings”
e1“Reiziq, Sherpa and Langi”
t0“rice”
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