Abstract
Improved early vigour in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) has been proposed as an important trait for increasing grain yield through greater water-use efficiency in rainfed, Mediterranean-type environments. Three years of field trials were undertaken in Western Australia at 2 sites, Merredin (low rainfall, 244 mm in the growing season) and Wongan Hills (medium rainfall, 308 mm), to examine the influence of increased early vigour on crop growth and yield. The effect of breeding for greater early vigour was tested in 1998 and 1999 using 3 high vigour and 3 low vigour BC2:F5 lines of the cultivar Amery backcrossed to a 'high vigour' donor. Averaged across environments, the high vigour backcross lines had a 10% increase in early vigour (i.e. leaf area/plant) at 50 DAS compared with the low vigour lines. Differences in yield across environments were associated with variation in total rainfall, rainfall distribution, and soil properties. In the wetter of the 2 years (1999), greater early vigour translated to increased yield of c. 12%, averaged across environments, but there was no difference in yield in either environment in the drier year (1998). Potential deleterious effects of the recurrent parent on yield were eliminated in field trials in 1999 and 2000 by manipulating early vigour through varying grain size (25, 35, or 50 mg) or seeding density (50, 200, or 400 plants/m2) of Amery at sowing. Large grain increased the embryo size and early vigour at 50 DAS in both environments in 1999. This translated to greater biomass production at anthesis and maturity to increase grain yield at Wongan Hills in 1999. In contrast, there was no relationship between grain size, biomass production, and yield at Merredin in 1999 or at either site in 2000. Sowing density treatments also had no effect on yield in 2000. In conclusion, there is potential to increase yield of wheat by selecting for greater early vigour in a wheat breeding program. The expression of vigour in field conditions and the translation of this improvement to higher yields is, however, dependent on the environment. Current yield limitations arising through backcrossing with a high vigour, yet poor yielding donor, need to be addressed.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
High vigour backcross lines had 10% greater early leaf area per plant than low vigour lines at 50 DAS.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- high vigour backcross linese0
- Outcome
- leaf area/plante0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Comparator
- low vigour linese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“high vigour backcross lines had a 10% increase in early vigour (i.e. leaf area/plant) at 50 DAS compared with the low vigour lines”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield differences across environments were associated with rainfall and soil properties.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Setting
- environmentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Differences in yield across environments were associated with variation in total rainfall, rainfall distribution, and soil properties”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater early vigour increased yield by about 12% in wetter 1999.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- greater early vigoure0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- c. 12%e0
- Qualifier
- 1999e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“In the wetter of the 2 years (1999), greater early vigour translated to increased yield of c. 12%, averaged across environments”
Claim · model-written summary
High and low vigour lines had no yield difference in drier 1998.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no differencee0
- Qualifier
- 1998e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“there was no difference in yield in either environment in the drier year (1998)”
Claim · model-written summary
Large grain increased embryo size in 1999.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Large graine0
- Outcome
- embryo sizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Large grain increased the embryo size and early vigour at 50 DAS in both environments in 1999”
Claim · model-written summary
Large grain increased early vigour in 1999.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Large graine0
- Outcome
- early vigoure0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Large grain increased the embryo size and early vigour at 50 DAS in both environments in 1999”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater vigour produced more biomass at anthesis and maturity and raised yield at Wongan Hills in 1999.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- greater biomass productione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Setting
- Wongan Hillse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“This translated to greater biomass production at anthesis and maturity to increase grain yield at Wongan Hills in 1999”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain size, biomass and yield were unrelated at Merredin in 1999 and either site in 2000.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- grain sizee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no relationshipe0
- Setting
- Merredine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“there was no relationship between grain size, biomass production, and yield at Merredin in 1999 or at either site in 2000”
Claim · model-written summary
Sowing density did not affect yield in 2000.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Sowing density treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Sowing density treatments also had no effect on yield in 2000”
The same questions in other papers
density · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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