Abstract
The combined efficacy of spinosad and chlorpyrifos-methyl was determined against four storage psocid pests belonging to genus Liposcelis. This research was undertaken because of the increasing importance of these psocids in stored grain and the problem of finding grain protectants to control resistant strains. Firstly, mortality and reproduction were determined for adults exposed to wheat freshly treated with either spinosad (0.5 and 1 mg kg(-1)) or chlorpyrifos-methyl (2.5, 5 and 10 mg kg(-1)) or combinations of spinosad and chlorpyrifos-methyl at 30 degrees C and 70% RH. There were significant effects of application rate of spinosad and chlorpyrifos-methyl, both individually and in combination, on adult mortality and progeny reduction of all four psocids. Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel and L. decolor (Pearman) responded similarly, with incomplete control of adults and progeny at both doses of spinosad but complete control in all chlorpyrifos-methyl and combined treatments. In L. entomophila (Enderlein) and L. paeta Pearman, however, complete control of adults and progeny was only achieved in the combined treatments, with the exception of spinosad 0.5 mg kg(-1) plus chlorpyrifos-methyl 2.5 mg kg(-1) against L. entomophila. Next, combinations of spinosad (0.5 and 1 mg kg(-1)) and chlorpyrifos-methyl (2.5, 5 and 10 mg kg(-1)) in bioassays after 0, 1.5 and 3 months storage of treated wheat were evaluated. The best treatment was 1 mg kg(-1) of spinosad plus 10 mg kg(-1) of chlorpyrifos-methyl, providing up to 3 months of protection against infestations of all four Liposcelis spp. on wheat.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Application rate of spinosad and chlorpyrifos-methyl, alone and combined, significantly affected adult mortality and progeny reduction of all four psocid species.
- Taxon
- psocidse0
- Treatment
- application rate of spinosad and chlorpyrifos-methyle0
- Interactor
- psocidse0pest
- Outcome
- adult mortality and progeny reductione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“There were significant effects of application rate of spinosad and chlorpyrifos-methyl, both individually and in combination, on adult mortality and progeny reduction of all four psocids”
Claim · model-written summary
Both doses of spinosad gave incomplete control of adults and progeny of Liposcelis bostrychophila and L. decolor.
- Taxon
- Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel
Liposcelis bostrychophilae0 - Treatment
- both doses of spinosade0
- Interactor
- Liposcelis bostrychophila BadonnelLiposcelis bostrychophilae0pest
- Outcome
- control of adults and progenye0
- Direction
- incompletee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel and L. decolor (Pearman) responded similarly, with incomplete control of adults and progeny at both doses of spinosad but complete control in all chlorpyrifos-methyl and combined treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
All chlorpyrifos-methyl and combined treatments gave complete control of adults and progeny of L. bostrychophila and L. decolor.
- Taxon
- Liposcelis bostrychophila BadonnelLiposcelis bostrychophilae0
- Treatment
- all chlorpyrifos-methyl and combined treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Liposcelis bostrychophila BadonnelLiposcelis bostrychophilae0pest
- Outcome
- control of adults and progenye0
- Direction
- completee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel and L. decolor (Pearman) responded similarly, with incomplete control of adults and progeny at both doses of spinosad but complete control in all chlorpyrifos-methyl and combined treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Complete control of adults and progeny of L. entomophila and L. paeta was achieved only with the combined treatments, except for spinosad 0.5 plus chlorpyrifos-methyl 2.5 mg kg(-1) against L. entomophila.
- Taxon
- L. entomophila (Enderlein) and L. paeta PearmanLiposcelis paeta
Liposcelis entomophilae0 - Treatment
- the combined treatmentse0
- Interactor
- L. entomophila (Enderlein)Liposcelis entomophilae0pest
- Outcome
- control of adults and progenye0
- Direction
- completee0
- Qualifier
- with the exception of spinosad 0.5 mg kg(-1) plus chlorpyrifos-methyl 2.5 mg kg(-1) against L. entomophilae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In L. entomophila (Enderlein) and L. paeta Pearman, however, complete control of adults and progeny was only achieved in the combined treatments, with the exception of spinosad 0.5 mg kg(-1) plus chlorpyrifos-methyl 2.5 mg kg(-1) against L. entomophila”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad at 1 mg kg(-1) plus chlorpyrifos-methyl at 10 mg kg(-1) was the best treatment, protecting wheat against all four Liposcelis species for up to 3 months.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- 1 mg kg(-1) of spinosad plus 10 mg kg(-1) of chlorpyrifos-methyle0
- Outcome
- The best treatmente0
- Value
- up to 3 monthse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The best treatment was 1 mg kg(-1) of spinosad plus 10 mg kg(-1) of chlorpyrifos-methyl, providing up to 3 months of protection against infestations of all four Liposcelis spp. on wheat”