Abstract
SUMMARY A two year experiment was conducted in winter wheat infested with black‐grass. In the first year black‐grass was either allowed to develop and shed seed freely or was completely controlled by herbicides. In the second year straw was either burnt or removed by baling and three cultivation systems were compared – ploughing, tine cultivations and direct drilling. No black‐grass herbicides were applied in the second year. The presence of seeds shed in the previous crop greatly influenced the black‐grass infestation in the direct drilled crop where it was calculated that 80–90% of plants were derived from these recently shed seeds. In the crop established after ploughing, the black‐grass infestation was unaffected by seed production in the previous crop. Tine cultivations gave results similar to those found with direct drilling. It is suggested that these differences between cultivations were due to the presence of old seeds in the soil which were brought up to the soil surface by ploughing, but not by cultivations which did not invert the soil. Straw burning destroyed many freshly shed seeds on the soil surface and resulted in less black‐grass in the crop although the effect tended to be masked by cultivations. The practical implications of the results are discussed.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds shed in the previous crop greatly increased black-grass infestation in the direct drilled crop, where 80–90% of plants were calculated to derive from recently shed seeds.
- Taxon
- Alopecurus myosuroides
Alopecurus myosuroidest0 - Treatment
- seeds shed in the previous crope1
- Outcome
- infestatione0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 80–90%e0
- Qualifier
- direct drilled crope0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alopecurus myosuroides”
e0“infestation in the direct drilled crop where it was calculated that 80–90% of plants were derived from these recently shed seeds”
e1“The presence of seeds shed in the previous crop greatly influenced”
Claim · model-written summary
In the crop established after ploughing, black-grass infestation was unaffected by seed production in the previous crop.
- Taxon
- Alopecurus myosuroidesAlopecurus myosuroidest0
- Treatment
- seed production in the previous crope0
- Outcome
- infestatione0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alopecurus myosuroides”
e0“infestation was unaffected by seed production in the previous crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Tine cultivations gave black-grass results similar to those found with direct drilling.
- Taxon
- Alopecurus myosuroidesAlopecurus myosuroidest0
- Treatment
- Tine cultivationse0
- Outcome
- resultse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- direct drillinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alopecurus myosuroides”
e0“Tine cultivations gave results similar to those found with direct drilling”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw burning destroyed many freshly shed black-grass seeds on the soil surface.
- Taxon
- Alopecurus myosuroidesAlopecurus myosuroidest0
- Treatment
- Straw burninge0
- Outcome
- freshly shed seedse0
- Direction
- destroyede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alopecurus myosuroides”
e0“Straw burning destroyed many freshly shed seeds on the soil surface”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw burning resulted in less black-grass in the crop, although the effect tended to be masked by cultivations.
- Taxon
- Alopecurus myosuroidesAlopecurus myosuroidest0
- Treatment
- Straw burninge0
- Outcome
- black‐grass in the crope0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Qualifier
- masked by cultivationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alopecurus myosuroides”
e0“Straw burning destroyed many freshly shed seeds on the soil surface and resulted in less black‐grass in the crop although the effect tended to be masked by cultivations”
Claim · model-written summary
The differences between cultivations are suggested to be due to old seeds in the soil being brought to the surface by ploughing.
- Taxon
- Alopecurus myosuroidesAlopecurus myosuroidest0
- Treatment
- ploughinge0
- Outcome
- differences between cultivationse0
- Qualifier
- old seeds in the soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alopecurus myosuroides”
e0“these differences between cultivations were due to the presence of old seeds in the soil which were brought up to the soil surface by ploughing”
The same questions in other papers
rotation · pest · Alopecurus myosuroidesPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.