Abstract
The combined long‐term effects of tillage method, crop rotation, and N fertilizer rates on grain yield have not been studied in rainfed systems under Mediterranean climates. As part of a long‐term experiment started in 1986, a field study was conducted between 1994 and 1998 to determine the effects of tillage (TILL), crop rotation (ROT), and N fertilization on wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) growth and yield in a rainfed Mediterranean region. Tillage treatments included no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT). Crop rotations were wheat–sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) (WS), wheat–chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) (WCP), wheat–faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) (WFB), wheat–fallow (WF), and continuous wheat (CW). Nitrogen fertilizer rates were 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N ha −1 on a Vertisol (Typic Haploxerert). A split–split plot design with four replications was used. Heavy rainfall during this research negatively impacted vegetative growth and grain yield of the wheat due to waterlogging. Wheat yield in the wet years was lower under NT than under CT. Yield decreased in the following crop rotation sequence: WFB ≫ WF > WS > WCP ≫ CW. Wheat responded to N fertilizer at rates up to 100 kg N ha −1 in the wet years but exhibited no response in the dry years. Yield under CT was higher at all N rate applied to wheat. The effect of N fertilizer on yield was more marked for the rotations with no legumes. The incorporation of the results for the 4‐yr period to those of the long‐term experiment provides more consistent information on the characterization and performance of the various systems.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy rainfall and waterlogging reduced wheat vegetative growth.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Heavy rainfalle0
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe0
- Direction
- negatively impactede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heavy rainfall during this research negatively impacted vegetative growth and grain yield of the wheat due to waterlogging.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy rainfall and waterlogging reduced wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Heavy rainfalle0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- negatively impactede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heavy rainfall during this research negatively impacted vegetative growth and grain yield of the wheat due to waterlogging.”
Claim · model-written summary
In wet years, no tillage produced lower wheat yield than conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- CTe0
- Setting
- wet yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat yield in the wet years was lower under NT than under CT.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield ranked WFB, WF, WS, WCP, then CW.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- WFB ≫ WF > WS > WCP ≫ CWe0
- Outcome
- Yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield decreased in the following crop rotation sequence: WFB ≫ WF > WS > WCP ≫ CW.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat responded to nitrogen through 100 kg N ha −1 in wet years.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N fertilizer at rates up to 100 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- respondede0
- Setting
- wet yearse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat responded to N fertilizer at rates up to 100 kg N ha −1 in the wet years but exhibited no response in the dry years.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat showed no nitrogen response in dry years.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- responsee0
- Direction
- no responsee0
- Setting
- dry yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat responded to N fertilizer at rates up to 100 kg N ha −1 in the wet years but exhibited no response in the dry years.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage had higher yield at all nitrogen rates.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield under CT was higher at all N rate applied to wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen affected yield more in rotations without legumes.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- effect of N fertilizer on yielde0
- Direction
- more markede0
- Qualifier
- rotations with no legumese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of N fertilizer on yield was more marked for the rotations with no legumes.”
t0“Wheat”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1,115 papers in the same direction as this paper · 257 in the opposite direction · 41 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
1,410 papers more in this group
See all 1,414 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.