Abstract
There has been increasing interest in breeding smooth bromegrass ( Bromus inermis Leyss.) for improved nutritive value. Several studies have shown improved animal performance in forages bred for increased nutritive value. The objective of this study was to determine if phenotypic selection for improved nutritive value was possible without sacrificing dry matter yield. The study evaluated eight potential measures of nutritive value, dry matter yield, and five base selection indices. Divergent phenotypic grid selection was practiced in a population of 625 plants for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), (ASH), cellulose (CEL), hemicellulose (HEM), crude protein (CP), in vitro matter digestibility (IVDMD), and dry matter yield. The highest lowest 75 plants for each selection criterion were crossed in semiisolation. A set of 75 randomly selected plants were bulked to form the unselected check synthetic. The synthetics were evaluated in a forage yield trial with three replicates at three locations in 2 yr. Synthetics differed significantly (P < 0.05) for IVDMD, CP, and all cell wall components except ASH. There were few genotype ✕ environment interactions for the nutritive value traits. Direct divergent selection responses were significant (P < 0.05) for IVDMD, NDF, ADF, and ADL. The divergence between synthetics appeared to be asymmetrical with progress greater in the direction of higher nutritive value. The ADL synthetic had the largest relative gain from selection. Correlated responses with ADL indicated that a 2 g kg ‐I decrease in ADL caused a 14 g kg −1 increase in IVDMD and a decrease of 10 g kg −1 NDF and 9 g kg −1 ADF. Acid detergent lignin content was an excellent chemical predictor of IVDMD in this smooth bromegrass population and was superior to selecting for IVDMD directly.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Selected synthetics differed significantly in digestibility, crude protein and cell wall components other than ash.
- Taxon
- Smooth Bromegrass
Bromus inermist0 - Outcome
- IVDMD, CP, and all cell wall components except ASHe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Synthetics differed significantly (P < 0.05) for IVDMD, CP, and all cell wall components except ASH”
t0“Smooth Bromegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Few genotype by environment interactions occurred for nutritive value traits.
- Taxon
- Smooth BromegrassBromus inermist0
- Outcome
- genotype ✕ environment interactionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were few genotype ✕ environment interactions for the nutritive value traits”
t0“Smooth Bromegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct divergent selection responses were significant for IVDMD, NDF and ADF.
- Taxon
- Smooth BromegrassBromus inermist0
- Treatment
- Direct divergent selectione0
- Outcome
- IVDMD, NDF, ADF, and ADLe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Direct divergent selection responses were significant (P < 0.05) for IVDMD, NDF, ADF, and ADL”
t0“Smooth Bromegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Selection divergence was asymmetric, with more progress toward higher nutritive value.
- Taxon
- Smooth BromegrassBromus inermist0
- Outcome
- nutritive valuee0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“divergence between synthetics appeared to be asymmetrical with progress greater in the direction of higher nutritive value”
t0“Smooth Bromegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
The ADL synthetic had the largest relative gain from selection.
- Taxon
- Smooth BromegrassBromus inermist0
- Material
- ADL synthetice0
- Outcome
- relative gain from selectione0
- Direction
- largeste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ADL synthetic had the largest relative gain from selection”
t0“Smooth Bromegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
A 2 g kg ‐I ADL reduction was associated with a 14 g kg −1 IVDMD increase.
- Taxon
- Smooth BromegrassBromus inermist0
- Outcome
- IVDMDe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 14 g kg −1e0
- Qualifier
- 2 g kg ‐I decrease in ADLe0
- Comparator
- ADLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 2 g kg ‐I decrease in ADL caused a 14 g kg −1 increase in IVDMD”
t0“Smooth Bromegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
A 2 g kg ‐I ADL reduction was associated with a 10 g kg −1 NDF decrease.
- Taxon
- Smooth BromegrassBromus inermist0
- Outcome
- NDFe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 10 g kg −1e0
- Qualifier
- 2 g kg ‐I decrease in ADLe0
- Comparator
- ADLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 2 g kg ‐I decrease in ADL caused a 14 g kg −1 increase in IVDMD and a decrease of 10 g kg −1 NDF and 9 g kg −1 ADF”
t0“Smooth Bromegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
A 2 g kg ‐I ADL reduction was associated with a 9 g kg −1 ADF decrease.
- Taxon
- Smooth BromegrassBromus inermist0
- Outcome
- ADFe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 9 g kg −1e0
- Qualifier
- 2 g kg ‐I decrease in ADLe0
- Comparator
- ADLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 2 g kg ‐I decrease in ADL caused a 14 g kg −1 increase in IVDMD and a decrease of 10 g kg −1 NDF and 9 g kg −1 ADF”
t0“Smooth Bromegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid detergent lignin content predicted IVDMD better than direct selection for IVDMD.
- Taxon
- smooth bromegrassBromus inermise0
- Outcome
- chemical predictor of IVDMDe0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- selecting for IVDMD directlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acid detergent lignin content was an excellent chemical predictor of IVDMD in this smooth bromegrass population and was superior to selecting for IVDMD directly”