Abstract
Barley stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei) was found for the first time in the United States in 1991. This study was conducted from 1991 to 1994 to determine the occurrence and spread of the disease, the identity and relative frequency of races present, and the amount of yield loss attributable to the disease on cultivars having different levels of resistance. Surveys and urediniospore collections were made in commercial barley fields, barley breeding nurseries, and wild Hordeum spp. throughout Texas, southwest Oklahoma, and northeast New Mexico. Commercial fields of the cultivars Post and Tambar 500 in Winters and Era, Texas, were systematically assessed for stripe rust severity. Race determinations were made by inoculating the urediniospore collections onto a set of 18 differential cultivars. To determine yield loss, four fungicide treatments (triadimefon + mancozeb, propiconazole, tebuconazole, and flusilazole) were compared with untreated checks of seven barley cultivars. In 1991, P. s. f. sp. hordei was found only in the breeding nursery at Uvalde, and on H. jubatum and H. leporinum in the Uvalde area. Stripe rust occurred in commercial barley throughout the state in 1992 and 1993, yet was found only on highly susceptible cultivars in nurseries in 1994. The highest severity found in commercial barley was 8% at the soft dough development stage on cv. Post at Winters in 1993. From a total of 273 isolates, 255 were race 24, 14 were race 23, and 4 were of a different race, labeled TXG. The most grain yield loss was about 72% on cv. Perkins at Uvalde in 1992. We found that cv. Tambar 401 was resistant and cvs. Tambar 500 and Kold were moderately resistant to P s. f. sp. hordei, and none of these three cultivars sustained significant yield loss to barley stripe rust. Over cultivars, locations, and years, all of the fungicide-treated plots had significantly less yield loss than untreated checks. Even though barley stripe rust has the potential to become a severe disease in the U.S., host resistance in winter barley and fungicides can effectively minimize yield loss.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Barley stripe rust was first found in the United States in 1991.
- Taxon
- Barley
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Hordeum vulgaree0 - Interactor
- Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei
Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordeie0pathogen - Outcome
- found for the first timee0
- Setting
- United Statese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Barley stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei) was found for the first time in the United States in 1991”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1991 stripe rust was found only in a breeding nursery at Uvalde and on wild Hordeum species.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Interactor
- P. s. f. sp. hordeie1pathogen
- Outcome
- was found only in the breeding nursery at Uvaldee1
- Setting
- breeding nursery at Uvaldee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei) was found for the first time in the United States in 1991”
e1“In 1991, P. s. f. sp. hordei was found only in the breeding nursery at Uvalde, and on H. jubatum and H. leporinum in the Uvalde area”
Claim · model-written summary
Stripe rust occurred in commercial barley throughout Texas in 1992 and 1993.
- Taxon
- commercial barleye2
- Interactor
- Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordeiPuccinia striiformis f. sp. hordeie0pathogen
- Outcome
- occurrede2
- Setting
- throughout the statee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei) was found for the first time in the United States in 1991”
e2“Stripe rust occurred in commercial barley throughout the state in 1992 and 1993”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1994 stripe rust was found only on highly susceptible cultivars in nurseries.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Interactor
- Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordeiPuccinia striiformis f. sp. hordeie0pathogen
- Outcome
- was found only on highly susceptible cultivarse3
- Setting
- nurseriese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei) was found for the first time in the United States in 1991”
e3“yet was found only on highly susceptible cultivars in nurseries in 1994”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest stripe rust severity in commercial barley was 8%, at the soft dough stage on cv. Post at Winters in 1993.
- Taxon
- commercial barleye4
- Material
- cv. Poste4
- Organ / stage
- soft dough development stagee4
- Interactor
- Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordeiPuccinia striiformis f. sp. hordeie0pathogen
- Outcome
- severitye4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 8%e4
- Setting
- Winterse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei) was found for the first time in the United States in 1991”
e4“The highest severity found in commercial barley was 8% at the soft dough development stage on cv. Post at Winters in 1993”
Claim · model-written summary
Of 273 isolates, 255 were race 24.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Material
- race 24e5
- Interactor
- Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordeiPuccinia striiformis f. sp. hordeie0pathogen
- Outcome
- isolatese5
- Value
- 255e5
- Qualifier
- From a total of 273 isolatese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei) was found for the first time in the United States in 1991”
e5“From a total of 273 isolates, 255 were race 24, 14 were race 23, and 4 were of a different race, labeled TXG”
Claim · model-written summary
Of 273 isolates, 14 were race 23.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Material
- race 23e5
- Interactor
- Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordeiPuccinia striiformis f. sp. hordeie0pathogen
- Outcome
- isolatese5
- Value
- 14e5
- Qualifier
- From a total of 273 isolatese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei) was found for the first time in the United States in 1991”
e5“From a total of 273 isolates, 255 were race 24, 14 were race 23, and 4 were of a different race, labeled TXG”
Claim · model-written summary
Four of 273 isolates were of a different race, labeled TXG.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Material
- TXGe5
- Interactor
- Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordeiPuccinia striiformis f. sp. hordeie0pathogen
- Outcome
- isolatese5
- Value
- 4e5
- Qualifier
- a different racee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei) was found for the first time in the United States in 1991”
e5“From a total of 273 isolates, 255 were race 24, 14 were race 23, and 4 were of a different race, labeled TXG”
Claim · model-written summary
The largest grain yield loss, about 72%, occurred on cv. Perkins at Uvalde in 1992.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Material
- cv. Perkinse6
- Interactor
- Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordeiPuccinia striiformis f. sp. hordeie0pathogen
- Outcome
- grain yield losse6
- Direction
- moste6
- Value
- about 72%e6
- Setting
- Uvaldee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei) was found for the first time in the United States in 1991”
e6“The most grain yield loss was about 72% on cv. Perkins at Uvalde in 1992”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar Tambar 401 was resistant to barley stripe rust.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Material
- cv. Tambar 401e7
- Interactor
- Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordeiPuccinia striiformis f. sp. hordeie0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistante7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei) was found for the first time in the United States in 1991”
e7“We found that cv. Tambar 401 was resistant and cvs. Tambar 500 and Kold were moderately resistant to P s. f. sp. hordei”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivars Tambar 500 and Kold were moderately resistant to barley stripe rust.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Material
- Tambar 500 and Kolde7
- Interactor
- Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordeiPuccinia striiformis f. sp. hordeie0pathogen
- Outcome
- moderately resistante7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei) was found for the first time in the United States in 1991”
e7“We found that cv. Tambar 401 was resistant and cvs. Tambar 500 and Kold were moderately resistant to P s. f. sp. hordei”
Claim · model-written summary
None of Tambar 401, Tambar 500 and Kold sustained significant yield loss to barley stripe rust.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Material
- these three cultivarse7
- Interactor
- Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordeiPuccinia striiformis f. sp. hordeie0pathogen
- Outcome
- significant yield losse7
- Direction
- nonee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei) was found for the first time in the United States in 1991”
e7“and none of these three cultivars sustained significant yield loss to barley stripe rust”
Claim · model-written summary
All fungicide-treated plots had significantly less yield loss than untreated checks across cultivars, locations and years.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- fungicide-treated plotse1
- Outcome
- yield losse1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Comparator
- untreated checkse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei) was found for the first time in the United States in 1991”
e1“Over cultivars, locations, and years, all of the fungicide-treated plots had significantly less yield loss than untreated checks”
Claim · model-written summary
Host resistance in winter barley and fungicides can effectively minimize yield loss.
- Taxon
- winter barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- host resistancee1
- Outcome
- effectively minimize yield losse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“host resistance in winter barley and fungicides can effectively minimize yield loss”