Paper · 1998 · Science

Integration of Environmental, Agronomic, and Economic Aspects of Fertilizer Management

Pamela A. Matson; Rosamond Naylor; Ivan Ortiz-Monasterio

4
claims
7
verbatim quotes
502
citations
1
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Nitrogen fertilization is a substantial source of nitrogen-containing trace gases that have both regional and global consequences. In the intensive wheat systems of Mexico, typical fertilization practices lead to extremely high fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO). In experiments, lower rates of nitrogen fertilizer, applied later in the crop cycle, reduced the loss of nitrogen without affecting yield and grain quality. Economic analyses projected this alternative practice to save 12 to 17 percent of after-tax profits. A knowledge-intensive approach to fertilizer management can substitute for higher levels of inputs, saving farmers money and reducing environmental costs.

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Claims 4

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Typical fertilization in intensive wheat systems of Mexico produced extremely high nitrous oxide and nitric oxide fluxes.

Treatment
typical fertilization practicese0
Outcome
fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO)e0
Direction
extremely highe0
Setting
Mexicoe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In the intensive wheat systems of Mexico, typical fertilization practices lead to extremely high fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 131–279 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lower nitrogen fertilizer rates applied later reduced nitrogen loss.

Treatment
lower rates of nitrogen fertilizer, applied later in the crop cyclee0
Outcome
loss of nitrogene0
Direction
reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“lower rates of nitrogen fertilizer, applied later in the crop cycle, reduced the loss of nitrogen without affecting yield and grain quality”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 297–436 · show in text ↑
t0

“wheat systems of Mexico”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 148–171 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The lower, later nitrogen application did not affect wheat yield or grain quality.

Treatment
lower rates of nitrogen fertilizer, applied later in the crop cyclee0
Outcome
yield and grain qualitye0
Direction
without affectinge0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“lower rates of nitrogen fertilizer, applied later in the crop cycle, reduced the loss of nitrogen without affecting yield and grain quality”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 297–436 · show in text ↑
t0

“wheat systems of Mexico”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 148–171 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositiveprojected

Claim · model-written summary

Economic analysis projected the alternative fertilizer practice would save 12 to 17 percent of after-tax profits.

Treatment
this alternative practicee0
Outcome
after-tax profitse0
Direction
savee0
Value
12 to 17 percente0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Economic analyses projected this alternative practice to save 12 to 17 percent of after-tax profits”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 438–537 · show in text ↑
t0

“wheat systems of Mexico”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 148–171 · show in text ↑

fertilization · quality: grain · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

154 papers: 119 positive, 35 negative or no effect

34 papers in the same direction as this paper · 119 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

150 papers more in this group

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.