Abstract
Four species of agromyzid leafminers, Agromyza frontella (Rondani), A. nana Meigen, Liriomyza congesta (Becker), and Phytomyza horticola (Goureau), the last representing a new host plant record, were studied in selected alfalfa fields in France and Denmark in 1977. Only 0.4% of the alfalfa leaflets contained agromyzid mines, a degree of infestation that is far below the 25 to 30% level or higher that may occur in alfalfa fields in the northeastern United States and Canada. The combined action of hymenopterous parasites of the families Braconidae, Eulophidae, and Pteromalidae produced an overall seasonal parasitism (determined by dissection) in excess of 70% for all hosts species. In some samples, parasitism reached 100%. New host records were established for 16 of the 17 species recovered from A. frontella and 11 of the 18 species from A. nana. The sequence of parasite species, multiple and superparasitism, competition, encapsulation by the host, and general geographical distribution in Europe were also studied. A total of 14 species were sent to the United States for study and release against A. frontella, a pest recently introduced into North America. Of these, three are now established in the United States.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Phytomyza horticola was newly recorded on alfalfa as a host plant.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Interactor
- Phytomyza horticola
Phytomyza horticolae0pest - Outcome
- new host plant recorde0
- Setting
- France and Denmarke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phytomyza horticola (Goureau), the last representing a new host plant record, were studied in selected alfalfa fields in France and Denmark in 1977.”
Claim · model-written summary
Only 0.4% of alfalfa leaflets contained agromyzid mines in the sampled European fields.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- leafletse0
- Outcome
- alfalfa leaflets contained agromyzid minese0
- Direction
- far belowe0
- Value
- 0.4%e0
- Qualifier
- 25 to 30% level or highere0
- Setting
- northeastern United States and Canadae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only 0.4% of the alfalfa leaflets contained agromyzid mines, a degree of infestation that is far below the 25 to 30% level or higher that may occur in alfalfa fields in the northeastern United States and Canada.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seasonal parasitism of alfalfa leafminers exceeded 70% across all host species.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Interactor
- hymenopterous parasitese0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- overall seasonal parasitisme0
- Direction
- in excess ofe0
- Value
- 70%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined action of hymenopterous parasites of the families Braconidae, Eulophidae, and Pteromalidae produced an overall seasonal parasitism (determined by dissection) in excess of 70% for all hosts species.”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Parasitism of alfalfa leafminers reached 100% in some samples.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- parasitisme0
- Direction
- reachede0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Qualifier
- some samplese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In some samples, parasitism reached 100%.”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
New parasite host records were established for 16 of 17 species recovered from Agromyza frontella.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Interactor
- A. frontella
Agromyza frontellae0pest - Outcome
- New host recordse0
- Value
- 16 of the 17 speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“New host records were established for 16 of the 17 species recovered from A. frontella and 11 of the 18 species from A. nana.”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
New parasite host records were established for 11 of 18 species recovered from Agromyza nana.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Interactor
- A. nana
Agromyza nanae0pest - Outcome
- New host recordse0
- Value
- 11 of the 18 speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“New host records were established for 16 of the 17 species recovered from A. frontella and 11 of the 18 species from A. nana.”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Three of 14 parasitoid species sent to the United States for study and release against Agromyza frontella became established there.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Interactor
- A. frontellaAgromyza frontellae0pest
- Outcome
- established in the United Statese0
- Value
- threee0
- Qualifier
- 14 speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 14 species were sent to the United States for study and release against A. frontella, a pest recently introduced into North America. Of these, three are now established in the United States.”
t0“Alfalfa”