Abstract
Benzimidazoles were used successfully against gummy stem blight of cucurbits for only one growing season (1980). It was soon noticed in experiments in vivo that they were not effective against some isolates of the pathogen. In a survey during the 1981 crop season, 76 out of 102 isolates collected from 20 plastic greenhouses all over the main cucurbit‐growing areas of Crete were resistant to benomyl. The average benomyl concentrations that reduced mycelial growth rates of seven resistant and seven sensitive isolates by 50% were 716 ± 49 and 1.2 ± 0.34μg/ml respectively. The average growth rate of resistant isolates was lower than that of sensitive isolates but there were no differences in spore production and spore germination. The pathogenicity of resistant isolates on young cucumber plants was lower than that of sensitive isolates. The application of benomyl, carbendazim, cypendazole and thiophanate methyl to young cucumber plants at the rate of 300μg a.i./ml 1 day before inoculation with 500 000 spores/ml of the resistant isolates did not affect the infection rate of the disease after 4 days. Sensitive isolates caused no onslight symptoms on similarly treated plants.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
In a survey of Cretan greenhouses, 76 of 102 Didymelta bryoniae isolates were resistant to benomyl.
Verbatim
e0“Benzimidazoles were used successfully against gummy stem blight of cucurbits for only one growing season (1980)”
e1“76 out of 102 isolates collected from 20 plastic greenhouses all over the main cucurbit‐growing areas of Crete were resistant to benomyl”
t0“gummy stem blight pathogen Didymelta bryoniae”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant Didymelta bryoniae isolates needed an average benomyl concentration of 716 ± 49 to halve mycelial growth rate.
Verbatim
e0“Benzimidazoles were used successfully against gummy stem blight of cucurbits for only one growing season (1980)”
e2“The average benomyl concentrations that reduced mycelial growth rates of seven resistant and seven sensitive isolates by 50% were 716 ± 49 and 1.2 ± 0.34μg/ml respectively”
e3“The average growth rate of resistant isolates was lower than that of sensitive isolates but there were no differences in spore production and spore germination”
t0“gummy stem blight pathogen Didymelta bryoniae”
Claim · model-written summary
Sensitive Didymelta bryoniae isolates needed an average benomyl concentration of 1.2 ± 0.34 to halve mycelial growth rate.
Verbatim
e0“Benzimidazoles were used successfully against gummy stem blight of cucurbits for only one growing season (1980)”
e2“The average benomyl concentrations that reduced mycelial growth rates of seven resistant and seven sensitive isolates by 50% were 716 ± 49 and 1.2 ± 0.34μg/ml respectively”
e3“The average growth rate of resistant isolates was lower than that of sensitive isolates but there were no differences in spore production and spore germination”
t0“gummy stem blight pathogen Didymelta bryoniae”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant isolates had a lower mycelial growth rate than sensitive isolates.
Verbatim
e0“Benzimidazoles were used successfully against gummy stem blight of cucurbits for only one growing season (1980)”
e3“The average growth rate of resistant isolates was lower than that of sensitive isolates but there were no differences in spore production and spore germination”
t0“gummy stem blight pathogen Didymelta bryoniae”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant isolates were less pathogenic on young cucumber plants than sensitive isolates.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse4 - Material
- resistant isolatese4
- Interactor
- Didymelta bryoniaet0pathogen
- Outcome
- pathogenicitye4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Comparator
- sensitive isolatese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The pathogenicity of resistant isolates on young cucumber plants was lower than that of sensitive isolates”
t0“gummy stem blight pathogen Didymelta bryoniae”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant and sensitive isolates did not differ in spore production or spore germination.
Verbatim
e0“Benzimidazoles were used successfully against gummy stem blight of cucurbits for only one growing season (1980)”
e3“The average growth rate of resistant isolates was lower than that of sensitive isolates but there were no differences in spore production and spore germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Benomyl, carbendazim, cypendazole and thiophanate methyl applied at 300μg a.i./ml one day before inoculation did not affect infection by resistant isolates on cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse5
- Treatment
- benomyl, carbendazim, cypendazole and thiophanate methyle5
- Interactor
- Didymelta bryoniaet0pathogen
- Outcome
- infection ratee5
- Direction
- did not affecte5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The application of benomyl, carbendazim, cypendazole and thiophanate methyl to young cucumber plants at the rate of 300μg a.i./ml 1 day before inoculation with 500 000 spores/ml of the resistant isolates did not affect the infection rate of the disease after 4 days”
t0“gummy stem blight pathogen Didymelta bryoniae”
Claim · model-written summary
Sensitive isolates caused no or only slight symptoms on cucumber plants treated with the benzimidazoles.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse4
- Material
- Sensitive isolatese6
- Interactor
- Didymelta bryoniaet0pathogen
- Outcome
- symptomse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The pathogenicity of resistant isolates on young cucumber plants was lower than that of sensitive isolates”
e6“Sensitive isolates caused no onslight symptoms on similarly treated plants”
t0“gummy stem blight pathogen Didymelta bryoniae”
The same questions in other papers
carbendazim · disease · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
benomyl · disease · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
thiophanate-methyl · disease · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.