Abstract
Abstract Field tests, each including 39–83 Swedish plus-tree clones of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) planted on 10 different sites in the southern part of Sweden, were evaluated at up to 10 years of age. The main conclusions can be summarized as follows. Growth traits were mostly under strong genetic influence, and showed substantial genetic variation and high potential genetic gain. Survival did not seem to be a trait of genetic importance. The genetic correlation between growth and growth cessation was weak, suggesting that it should be possible to find clones combining high growth and early autumn growth. Non-significant transfer effects for clones of different origin and weak G×E interaction were found, indicating that southern Sweden can be treated as a single utilization zone and that few sites are needed for genetic tests. Strong genetic age×age correlations were detected, suggesting that short test periods could be used.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Growth traits of silver birch clones were mostly under strong genetic influence.
- Taxon
- Betula pendula
Betula pendulat0 - Outcome
- Growth traitse1
- Qualifier
- strong genetic influencee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Betula pendula”
e1“Growth traits were mostly under strong genetic influence”
Claim · model-written summary
Silver birch clones showed substantial genetic variation.
- Taxon
- Betula pendulaBetula pendulat0
- Outcome
- genetic variatione2
- Qualifier
- substantiale2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Betula pendula”
e2“showed substantial genetic variation and high potential genetic gain”
Claim · model-written summary
Silver birch clones had high potential genetic gain.
- Taxon
- Betula pendulaBetula pendulat0
- Outcome
- potential genetic gaine2
- Qualifier
- highe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Betula pendula”
e2“showed substantial genetic variation and high potential genetic gain”
Claim · model-written summary
Survival did not appear to be a trait of genetic importance in these clone tests.
- Taxon
- Betula pendulaBetula pendulat0
- Outcome
- Survivale3
- Qualifier
- did not seem to be a trait of genetic importancee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Betula pendula”
e3“Survival did not seem to be a trait of genetic importance”
Claim · model-written summary
The genetic correlation between growth and growth cessation was weak.
- Taxon
- Betula pendulaBetula pendulat0
- Outcome
- genetic correlation between growth and growth cessatione4
- Qualifier
- weake4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Betula pendula”
e4“The genetic correlation between growth and growth cessation was weak”
Claim · model-written summary
Transfer effects for clones of different origin were not significant.
- Taxon
- Betula pendulaBetula pendulat0
- Outcome
- transfer effects for clones of different origine5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Betula pendula”
e5“Non-significant transfer effects for clones of different origin and weak G×E interaction were found”
Claim · model-written summary
The genotype-by-environment interaction was weak.
- Taxon
- Betula pendulaBetula pendulat0
- Outcome
- G×E interactione5
- Qualifier
- weake5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Betula pendula”
e5“Non-significant transfer effects for clones of different origin and weak G×E interaction were found”
Claim · model-written summary
Southern Sweden can be treated as a single utilization zone for these clone tests.
- Taxon
- Betula pendulaBetula pendulat0
- Outcome
- southern Sweden can be treated as a single utilization zonee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Betula pendula”
e6“indicating that southern Sweden can be treated as a single utilization zone and that few sites are needed for genetic tests”
Claim · model-written summary
Few test sites are needed for genetic tests of these clones.
- Taxon
- Betula pendulaBetula pendulat0
- Outcome
- few sites are needed for genetic testse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Betula pendula”
e6“indicating that southern Sweden can be treated as a single utilization zone and that few sites are needed for genetic tests”
Claim · model-written summary
Genetic age-by-age correlations were strong.
- Taxon
- Betula pendulaBetula pendulat0
- Outcome
- genetic age×age correlationse7
- Qualifier
- Stronge7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Betula pendula”
e7“Strong genetic age×age correlations were detected”
Claim · model-written summary
Short test periods could be used in these genetic tests.
- Taxon
- Betula pendulaBetula pendulat0
- Outcome
- short test periods could be usede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Betula pendula”
e0“suggesting that short test periods could be used”