Abstract
Seed treatment with phenylamide fungicides (metalaxyl and mefenoxam) provides an effective chemical control of sunflower downy mildew caused by the oomycete Plasmopara halstedii. Resistance of the fungus to metalaxyl has been reported in Spain and differences of disease incidence (DI) caused by field populations (FPs) have been observed. The sensitivity of several FPs to seed treatment with metalaxyl was compared. Different groups of FPs were discriminated on the basis of DI caused on sunflower plants. None of the FPs was completely controlled by the fungicide at the dose used. In addition, the efficacy of metalaxyl and mefenoxam against FPs resistant to metalaxyl were evaluated. Three genotypes of sunflower were treated with the fungicides at two different doses. Neither metalaxyl or mefenoxam nor doses had a significant effect on the DI caused by the FPs, suggesting the absence of effect of the double quantity of active enantiomer provided by mefenoxam as compared with metalaxyl. Nevertheless, significant differences on DI were observed among genotypes. The different DIs could be related to: a) different germination rates and, consequently, size of the radicle in the moment of inoculation, b) higher amount of fungicide provided to the confectionery genotype, which has a larger size of seed.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Field populations differed in disease incidence on sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Interactor
- FPse0pathogen
- Outcome
- DI caused on sunflower plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Different groups of FPs were discriminated on the basis of DI caused on sunflower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
No field population was completely controlled at the fungicide dose used.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- fungicidee0
- Interactor
- FPse0pathogen
- Outcome
- FPs was completely controllede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“None of the FPs was completely controlled by the fungicide at the dose used”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Metalaxyl had no significant effect on disease incidence caused by resistant field populations.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- metalaxyle0
- Interactor
- FPse0pathogen
- Outcome
- DI caused by the FPse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither metalaxyl or mefenoxam nor doses had a significant effect on the DI caused by the FPs”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Mefenoxam had no significant effect on disease incidence caused by resistant field populations.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- mefenoxame0
- Interactor
- FPse0pathogen
- Outcome
- DI caused by the FPse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither metalaxyl or mefenoxam nor doses had a significant effect on the DI caused by the FPs”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide dose had no significant effect on disease incidence.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- dosese0
- Interactor
- FPse0pathogen
- Outcome
- DI caused by the FPse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither metalaxyl or mefenoxam nor doses had a significant effect on the DI caused by the FPs”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease incidence differed significantly among sunflower genotypes.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- genotypese0
- Outcome
- DIe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant differences on DI were observed among genotypes”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Different disease incidences could relate to germination rate and radicle size at inoculation.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- radiclee0
- Outcome
- different DIse0
- Qualifier
- different germination ratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The different DIs could be related to: a) different germination rates and, consequently, size of the radicle in the moment of inoculation”
t0“sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Different disease incidences could relate to more fungicide supplied to the large seeded confectionery genotype.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- confectionery genotypee0
- Treatment
- fungicidee0
- Outcome
- DIt0
- Qualifier
- larger size of seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“b) higher amount of fungicide provided to the confectionery genotype, which has a larger size of seed”
t0“sunflower downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii)”
The same questions in other papers
metalaxyl · disease · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.