Abstract
A study was made to determine optimum fall planting dates and rates of seeding of soft white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in three counties in eastern Ontario. This area is considered marginal for winter survival of the crop, although yield potential is high. Plots were sown at Douglas (lat. 45°33′), Ottawa (lat. 45°23′) and Kemptville (lat. 45°00′). Four planting dates were used at Douglas and Ottawa (dates 1 to 4) and five dates at Kemptville. These were: date 1, 27 August; date 2, 10 September; date 3, 24 September; date 4, 8 October; and date 5, 22 October. Split-plot designs were used, with dates as main plots and with rates and cultivars randomized as subplots. Harvest years were between 1983 and 1987. Winter survival was generally reduced below 60% in later plantings, but survival remained high from the date 4 planting in two years at Ottawa. Grain yields were increased by early plantings. Maximum yields at Douglas were obtained from dates 1 and 2; at Ottawa and Kemptville, from dates 1 to 3. A significant advantage of date 2 planting was recorded at Kemptville. Kernel weight and test weight were reduced by late planting dates. Grain yields and winter survival were highly correlated at seven of nine location-years. At Ottawa, there was a significant yield increase from the 160 kg ha −1 seeding rate, compared with 130 kg ha −1 , the currently recommended rate. Yield increases from higher seeding rates were greater at later planting dates. Cultivar effects on grain yields were frequently significant, but were less so on winter survival. The cultivar Houser produced the highest yield in five of nine location-years.Key words: Winter survival, wheat (winter), sowing date, sowing rate
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Later plantings generally reduced wheat winter survival below 60%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- later plantingse0
- Outcome
- Winter survivale0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- below 60%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winter survival was generally reduced below 60% in later plantings”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter survival remained high after date 4 planting in two Ottawa years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- date 4 plantinge0
- Outcome
- survivale0
- Direction
- remained highe0
- Setting
- Ottawae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“survival remained high from the date 4 planting in two years at Ottawa”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Early planting increased wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- early plantingse0
- Outcome
- Grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields were increased by early plantings”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum yields at Douglas came from planting dates 1 and 2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- dates 1 and 2e0
- Outcome
- Maximum yieldse0
- Setting
- Douglase0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum yields at Douglas were obtained from dates 1 and 2”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum yields at Ottawa and Kemptville came from planting dates 1 to 3.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- dates 1 to 3e0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Setting
- Ottawa and Kemptvillee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum yields at Douglas were obtained from dates 1 and 2; at Ottawa and Kemptville, from dates 1 to 3”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Date 2 planting had a significant advantage at Kemptville.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- date 2 plantinge0
- Outcome
- advantagee0
- Setting
- Kemptvillee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant advantage of date 2 planting was recorded at Kemptville”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Late planting reduced kernel weight and test weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- late planting datese0
- Outcome
- Kernel weight and test weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kernel weight and test weight were reduced by late planting dates”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield and winter survival were highly correlated in seven of nine location-years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Grain yieldse0
- Direction
- highly correlatede0
- Value
- seven of nine location-yearse0
- Comparator
- winter survivale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields and winter survival were highly correlated at seven of nine location-years”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At Ottawa, 160 kg ha −1 seeding significantly increased yield relative to 130 kg ha −1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 160 kg ha −1 seeding ratee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- 130 kg ha −1e0
- Setting
- Ottawae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At Ottawa, there was a significant yield increase from the 160 kg ha −1 seeding rate, compared with 130 kg ha −1”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher seeding rates gave greater yield increases at later planting dates.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- higher seeding ratese0
- Outcome
- Yield increasese0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- later planting datese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield increases from higher seeding rates were greater at later planting dates”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar effects on grain yield were frequently significant.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cultivar effects on grain yields were frequently significant”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar effects on winter survival were less often significant.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- winter survivale0
- Direction
- less soe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but were less so on winter survival”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Houser had the highest yield in five of nine location-years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Housere0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- five of nine location-yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cultivar Houser produced the highest yield in five of nine location-years”
t0“wheat”
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