Abstract
Abstract Euphorbia heterophylla Linn., commonly known as wild poinsettia, is widespread in the tropics. It occurs as a major weed in six tropical countries, an important weed in 22 tropical countries and is present in a further 37 countries. It causes serious loss of yield and quality in a wide range of crops as it competes successfully by growing rapidly and forming a dense canopy over the crop. Dormancy is an important factor in the persistence of seed reservoirs in the soil and American and Nigerian work show light and temperature are important factors in germination. Pre-emergence herbicides do not give effective control for the whole growing season and as the weed becomes larger it is more difficult to control with post-emergence herbicides. In general the phenoxy-type herbicides give effective control, the triazines, ureas and uracils are variable and the acetanilides and anilines are poor. Some herbicide mixtures will suppress E. heterophylla long enough to allow the establishment of the crop and minimise yield reduction but the best control has recently been obtained using a sequence of herbicides throughout the growing season.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Euphorbia heterophylla is widespread in the tropics.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia heterophylla
Euphorbia heterophyllae0 - Outcome
- widespread in the tropicse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Euphorbia heterophylla Linn., commonly known as wild poinsettia, is widespread in the tropics”
Claim · model-written summary
It is a major weed in six tropical countries.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia heterophyllaEuphorbia heterophyllat0
- Outcome
- major weede0
- Value
- six tropical countriese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It occurs as a major weed in six tropical countries”
t0“Euphorbia heterophylla”
Claim · model-written summary
It is an important weed in 22 tropical countries.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia heterophyllaEuphorbia heterophyllat0
- Outcome
- important weede0
- Value
- 22 tropical countriese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an important weed in 22 tropical countries”
t0“Euphorbia heterophylla”
Claim · model-written summary
It is present in a further 37 countries.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia heterophyllaEuphorbia heterophyllat0
- Outcome
- presente0
- Value
- 37 countriese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“is present in a further 37 countries”
t0“Euphorbia heterophylla”
Claim · model-written summary
The weed causes serious crop yield and quality loss through rapid growth and canopy formation.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia heterophyllaEuphorbia heterophyllat0
- Outcome
- loss of yield and qualitye0
- Qualifier
- growing rapidly and forming a dense canopye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It causes serious loss of yield and quality in a wide range of crops as it competes successfully by growing rapidly and forming a dense canopy over the crop”
t0“Euphorbia heterophylla”
Claim · model-written summary
Dormancy supports persistence of soil seed reservoirs.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia heterophyllaEuphorbia heterophyllat0
- Outcome
- persistence of seed reservoirse0
- Qualifier
- Dormancye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dormancy is an important factor in the persistence of seed reservoirs in the soil”
t0“Euphorbia heterophylla”
Claim · model-written summary
Light and temperature affect germination.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia heterophyllaEuphorbia heterophyllat0
- Treatment
- light and temperaturee0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“light and temperature are important factors in germination”
t0“Euphorbia heterophylla”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-emergence herbicides do not control the weed for a whole growing season.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia heterophyllaEuphorbia heterophyllat0
- Treatment
- Pre-emergence herbicidese0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- do not give effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-emergence herbicides do not give effective control for the whole growing season”
t0“Euphorbia heterophylla”
Claim · model-written summary
Larger weeds are harder to control with post-emergence herbicides.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia heterophyllaEuphorbia heterophyllat0
- Treatment
- post-emergence herbicidese0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- more difficulte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as the weed becomes larger it is more difficult to control with post-emergence herbicides”
t0“Euphorbia heterophylla”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenoxy-type herbicides generally give effective control.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia heterophyllaEuphorbia heterophyllat0
- Treatment
- phenoxy-type herbicidese0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the phenoxy-type herbicides give effective control”
t0“Euphorbia heterophylla”
Claim · model-written summary
Triazines, ureas and uracils have variable control efficacy.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia heterophyllaEuphorbia heterophyllat0
- Treatment
- triazines, ureas and uracilse0
- Outcome
- variablee0
- Direction
- variablee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the triazines, ureas and uracils are variable”
t0“Euphorbia heterophylla”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetanilides and anilines give poor control.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia heterophyllaEuphorbia heterophyllat0
- Treatment
- acetanilides and anilinese0
- Outcome
- poore0
- Direction
- poore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the acetanilides and anilines are poor”
t0“Euphorbia heterophylla”
Claim · model-written summary
Some herbicide mixtures suppress the weed long enough for crop establishment and limit yield loss.
- Taxon
- E. heterophyllaEuphorbia heterophyllae0
- Treatment
- herbicide mixturese0
- Outcome
- establishment of the crop and minimise yield reductione0
- Direction
- minimisee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Some herbicide mixtures will suppress E. heterophylla long enough to allow the establishment of the crop and minimise yield reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
A season-long herbicide sequence has provided the best control.
- Taxon
- Euphorbia heterophyllaEuphorbia heterophyllat0
- Treatment
- a sequence of herbicides throughout the growing seasone0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the best control has recently been obtained using a sequence of herbicides throughout the growing season”
t0“Euphorbia heterophylla”