Abstract
BACKGROUND: Allelopathic functions of plant-released chemicals are often studied through growth bioassays assuming that these chemicals will directly impact plant growth. This overlooks the role of soil factors in mediating allelopathic activities of chemicals, particularly non-volatiles. Here we examined the allelopathic potential of 8-hydroxyquinoline (HQ), a chemical reported to be exuded from the roots of Centaurea diffusa. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Growth bioassays and HQ recovery experiments were performed in HQ-treated soils (non-sterile, sterile, organic matter-enriched and glucose-amended) and untreated control soil. Root growth of either Brassica campestris or Phalaris minor was not affected in HQ-treated non-sterile soil. Soil modifications (organic matter and glucose amendments) could not enhance the recovery of HQ in soil, which further supports the observation that HQ is not likely to be an allelopathic compound. Hydroxyquinoline-treated soil had lower values for the CO(2) release compared to untreated non-sterile soil. Soil sterilization significantly influenced the organic matter content, PO(4)-P and total organic nitrogen levels. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Here, we concluded that evaluation of the effect of a chemical on plant growth is not enough in evaluating the ecological role of a chemical in plant-plant interactions. Interaction of the chemical with soil factors largely determines the impact of HQ on plant growth.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth of Brassica campestris was not affected in HQ-treated non-sterile soil.
- Taxon
- Brassica campestris
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica rapa subsp. oleiferae1 - Treatment
- HQ-treated non-sterile soile1
- Outcome
- Root growthe1
- Direction
- not affectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Root growth of either Brassica campestris or Phalaris minor was not affected in HQ-treated non-sterile soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth of Phalaris minor was not affected in HQ-treated non-sterile soil.
- Taxon
- Phalaris minor
.jpg?width=60)
Phalaris minore1 - Treatment
- HQ-treated non-sterile soile1
- Outcome
- Root growthe1
- Direction
- not affectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Root growth of either Brassica campestris or Phalaris minor was not affected in HQ-treated non-sterile soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil modifications with organic matter and glucose could not enhance recovery of HQ in soil.
- Treatment
- Soil modifications (organic matter and glucose amendments)e2
- Outcome
- recovery of HQ in soile2
- Direction
- could not enhancee2
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e2“Soil modifications (organic matter and glucose amendments) could not enhance the recovery of HQ in soil”
Claim · model-written summary
HQ is probably not an allelopathic compound, according to the authors.
- Taxon
- Centaurea diffusa
Centaurea diffusae1 - Compound
- HQe2
- Outcome
- allelopathic compounde2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Here we examined the allelopathic potential of 8-hydroxyquinoline (HQ), a chemical reported to be exuded from the roots of Centaurea diffusa”
e2“which further supports the observation that HQ is not likely to be an allelopathic compound”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydroxyquinoline-treated soil had lower CO2 release than untreated non-sterile soil.
- Treatment
- Hydroxyquinoline-treated soile1
- Outcome
- CO(2) releasee1
- Direction
- lower valuese1
- Comparator
- untreated non-sterile soile1
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“Hydroxyquinoline-treated soil had lower values for the CO(2) release compared to untreated non-sterile soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil sterilization significantly influenced organic matter content, PO4-P and total organic nitrogen levels.
- Treatment
- Soil sterilizatione1
- Outcome
- organic matter content, PO(4)-P and total organic nitrogen levelse1
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e1“Soil sterilization significantly influenced the organic matter content, PO(4)-P and total organic nitrogen levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Evaluating a chemical only by its effect on plant growth is not enough to judge its ecological role.
- Outcome
- evaluation of the effect of a chemical on plant growth is not enoughe1
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“evaluation of the effect of a chemical on plant growth is not enough in evaluating the ecological role of a chemical in plant-plant interactions”
Claim · model-written summary
Interaction of HQ with soil factors largely determines its impact on plant growth.
- Treatment
- Interaction of the chemical with soil factorse1
- Outcome
- impact of HQ on plant growthe1
- Direction
- largely determinese1
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“Interaction of the chemical with soil factors largely determines the impact of HQ on plant growth”