Abstract
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) B-biotype and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) often coexist on greenhouse-grown vegetable crops in northern China. The recent spread of B. tabaci B-biotype has largely replaced T. vaporariorum, and B-biotype now overlaps with T. vaporariorum where common hosts occur in most invaded areas. The impact of the B-biotype on the agro eco system appears to be widespread, and involves the ability to compete with and perhaps replace other phytophages like T. vaporariorum. An emerging hypothesis is that the B-biotype is physiologically superior due at least in part to an improved ability to metabolically utilize the alkaline phosphatase pathway. To test this hypothesis, alkaline phosphatase activity was studied in the B-biotype and T. vaporariorum after feeding on a number of different hosts for a range of durations, with and without host switching. Alkaline phosphatase activity in T. vaporariorum was 1.45 to 2.53-fold higher than that of the B-biotype when fed on tomato for 4 and 24 h, or switched from tomato to cotton and cabbage for the same durations. However, alkaline phosphatase activity in the B-biotype was 1.40 to 3.35-fold higher than that of T. vaporariorum when the host switching time was ∼72 and ∼120 h on the same plant. Both short-term (4 h) and long-term (72 h) switching of plant hosts can significantly affect the alkaline phosphatase activity in the two species. After ∼120 h, feeding on tomato and cotton alkaline phosphatase activity in the B-biotype was significantly higher than that of T. vaporariorum. It was shown that alkaline phosphatase aids the species feeding on different plant species, and that the B-biotype is physiologically superior to T. vaporariorum in utilizing the enzyme compared to T. vaporariorum over longer periods of feeding.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Trialeurodes vaporariorum had 1.45 to 2.53-fold higher alkaline phosphatase activity than Bemisia tabaci B-biotype after feeding on tomato or switching from tomato to cotton and cabbage for 4 and 24 h.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- switched from tomato to cotton and cabbagee0
- Interactor
- T. vaporariorum
Trialeurodes vaporariorume0pest - Second interactor
- B-biotypee0pest
- Outcome
- Alkaline phosphatase activity in T. vaporariorume0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.45 to 2.53-folde0
- Qualifier
- 4 and 24 he0
- Comparator
- B-biotypee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alkaline phosphatase activity in T. vaporariorum was 1.45 to 2.53-fold higher than that of the B-biotype when fed on tomato for 4 and 24 h, or switched from tomato to cotton and cabbage for the same durations.”
Claim · model-written summary
At approximately 72 and 120 h after host switching, B-biotype alkaline phosphatase activity was 1.40 to 3.35-fold higher than in T. vaporariorum.
- Taxon
- plante0
- Treatment
- host switchinge0
- Interactor
- B-biotypee0pest
- Second interactor
- T. vaporariorumTrialeurodes vaporariorume0pest
- Outcome
- alkaline phosphatase activity in the B-biotypee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.40 to 3.35-folde0
- Qualifier
- ∼72 and ∼120 he0
- Comparator
- T. vaporariorume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alkaline phosphatase activity in the B-biotype was 1.40 to 3.35-fold higher than that of T. vaporariorum when the host switching time was ∼72 and ∼120 h on the same plant.”
Claim · model-written summary
Short- and long-term host switching significantly affected alkaline phosphatase activity in both whiteflies.
- Taxon
- plant hostse0
- Treatment
- switching of plant hostse0
- Outcome
- alkaline phosphatase activitye0
- Qualifier
- short-term (4 h) and long-term (72 h)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Both short-term (4 h) and long-term (72 h) switching of plant hosts can significantly affect the alkaline phosphatase activity in the two species.”
Claim · model-written summary
After approximately 120 h on tomato and cotton, B-biotype alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher than in T. vaporariorum.
- Taxon
- tomato and cotton
Gossypium hirsutumSolanum lycopersicume0 - Interactor
- B-biotypee0pest
- Second interactor
- T. vaporariorumTrialeurodes vaporariorume0pest
- Outcome
- alkaline phosphatase activity in the B-biotypee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- ∼120 he0
- Comparator
- T. vaporariorume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After ∼120 h, feeding on tomato and cotton alkaline phosphatase activity in the B-biotype was significantly higher than that of T. vaporariorum.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that alkaline phosphatase aids feeding across plant species and that B-biotype uses it better over longer feeding periods.
- Taxon
- plant speciese0
- Interactor
- B-biotypee0pest
- Second interactor
- T. vaporariorumTrialeurodes vaporariorume0pest
- Gene
- alkaline phosphatasee0
- Outcome
- feeding on different plant speciese0
- Qualifier
- over longer periods of feedinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alkaline phosphatase aids the species feeding on different plant species, and that the B-biotype is physiologically superior to T. vaporariorum in utilizing the enzyme compared to T. vaporariorum over longer periods of feeding.”