Abstract
Downy mildew ( Plasmopera halstedii (Farl) Barl. et de Toni) rust ( Puccinia helianthi Schw.) verticillium wilt ( Verticillium albo‐atrum Reinke and Berth) and head rot ( Rhizopus sp.) significantly influenced the achene quality of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.). Achenes harvested from rusted plants and plants systemically infected with downy mildew were significantly smaller, lighter, higher in hull percentage, and lower in oil content than achenes harvested from healthy plants. Achenes from plants affected with verticillium wilt were slightly smaller, significantly lighter, lower in oil content, but similar in hull percentage to achenes harvested from healthy plants. Although achenes from plants with head rot were similar in size to achenes harvested from healthy plants, they were significantly lighter, lower in oil, and higher in hull percentage. The relative percentages of the four major fatty acids in the oil (palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic) were not altered sufficiently by any of the diseases studied to be an influence on oil quality.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
rusted plants was associated with smaller achene smaller.
- Taxon
- sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)
Helianthus annuuse1 - Interactor
- rusted plantse0pathogen
- Outcome
- smallere0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Comparator
- healthy plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Achenes harvested from rusted plants and plants systemically infected with downy mildew were significantly smaller, lighter, higher in hull percentage, and lower in oil content than achenes harvested from healthy plants”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
rusted plants was associated with lighter achene lighter.
- Taxon
- sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)Helianthus annuuse1
- Interactor
- rusted plantse0pathogen
- Outcome
- lightere0
- Direction
- lightere0
- Comparator
- healthy plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Achenes harvested from rusted plants and plants systemically infected with downy mildew were significantly smaller, lighter, higher in hull percentage, and lower in oil content than achenes harvested from healthy plants”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
rusted plants was associated with higher achene hull percentage.
- Taxon
- sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)Helianthus annuuse1
- Interactor
- rusted plantse0pathogen
- Outcome
- hull percentagee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- healthy plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Achenes harvested from rusted plants and plants systemically infected with downy mildew were significantly smaller, lighter, higher in hull percentage, and lower in oil content than achenes harvested from healthy plants”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
rusted plants was associated with lower achene oil content.
- Taxon
- sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)Helianthus annuuse1
- Interactor
- rusted plantse0pathogen
- Outcome
- oil contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- healthy plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Achenes harvested from rusted plants and plants systemically infected with downy mildew were significantly smaller, lighter, higher in hull percentage, and lower in oil content than achenes harvested from healthy plants”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
downy mildew was associated with smaller achene smaller.
- Taxon
- sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)Helianthus annuuse1
- Interactor
- downy mildewPeronosporaceaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- smallere0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Comparator
- healthy plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Achenes harvested from rusted plants and plants systemically infected with downy mildew were significantly smaller, lighter, higher in hull percentage, and lower in oil content than achenes harvested from healthy plants”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
downy mildew was associated with lighter achene lighter.
- Taxon
- sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)Helianthus annuuse1
- Interactor
- downy mildewPeronosporaceaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- lightere0
- Direction
- lightere0
- Comparator
- healthy plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Achenes harvested from rusted plants and plants systemically infected with downy mildew were significantly smaller, lighter, higher in hull percentage, and lower in oil content than achenes harvested from healthy plants”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
downy mildew was associated with higher achene hull percentage.
- Taxon
- sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)Helianthus annuuse1
- Interactor
- downy mildewPeronosporaceaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- hull percentagee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- healthy plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Achenes harvested from rusted plants and plants systemically infected with downy mildew were significantly smaller, lighter, higher in hull percentage, and lower in oil content than achenes harvested from healthy plants”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
downy mildew was associated with lower achene oil content.
- Taxon
- sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)Helianthus annuuse1
- Interactor
- downy mildewPeronosporaceaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- oil contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- healthy plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Achenes harvested from rusted plants and plants systemically infected with downy mildew were significantly smaller, lighter, higher in hull percentage, and lower in oil content than achenes harvested from healthy plants”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
verticillium wilt was associated with smaller achene smaller.
- Taxon
- sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)Helianthus annuuse1
- Interactor
- verticillium wilte0pathogen
- Outcome
- smallere0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Comparator
- healthy plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Achenes from plants affected with verticillium wilt were slightly smaller, significantly lighter, lower in oil content, but similar in hull percentage to achenes harvested from healthy plants”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
verticillium wilt was associated with lighter achene lighter.
- Taxon
- sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)Helianthus annuuse1
- Interactor
- verticillium wilte0pathogen
- Outcome
- lightere0
- Direction
- lightere0
- Comparator
- healthy plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Achenes from plants affected with verticillium wilt were slightly smaller, significantly lighter, lower in oil content, but similar in hull percentage to achenes harvested from healthy plants”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
verticillium wilt was associated with lower achene oil content.
- Taxon
- sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)Helianthus annuuse1
- Interactor
- verticillium wilte0pathogen
- Outcome
- oil contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- healthy plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Achenes from plants affected with verticillium wilt were slightly smaller, significantly lighter, lower in oil content, but similar in hull percentage to achenes harvested from healthy plants”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
verticillium wilt was associated with similar achene hull percentage.
- Taxon
- sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)Helianthus annuuse1
- Interactor
- verticillium wilte0pathogen
- Outcome
- hull percentagee0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- healthy plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Achenes from plants affected with verticillium wilt were slightly smaller, significantly lighter, lower in oil content, but similar in hull percentage to achenes harvested from healthy plants”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
head rot was associated with similar achene size.
- Taxon
- sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)Helianthus annuuse1
- Interactor
- head rote0pathogen
- Outcome
- sizee0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- healthy plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although achenes from plants with head rot were similar in size to achenes harvested from healthy plants, they were significantly lighter, lower in oil, and higher in hull percentage”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
head rot was associated with lighter achene lighter.
- Taxon
- sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)Helianthus annuuse1
- Interactor
- head rote0pathogen
- Outcome
- lightere0
- Direction
- lightere0
- Comparator
- healthy plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although achenes from plants with head rot were similar in size to achenes harvested from healthy plants, they were significantly lighter, lower in oil, and higher in hull percentage”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
head rot was associated with lower achene oil.
- Taxon
- sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)Helianthus annuuse1
- Interactor
- head rote0pathogen
- Outcome
- oile0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- healthy plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although achenes from plants with head rot were similar in size to achenes harvested from healthy plants, they were significantly lighter, lower in oil, and higher in hull percentage”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
head rot was associated with higher achene hull percentage.
- Taxon
- sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)Helianthus annuuse1
- Interactor
- head rote0pathogen
- Outcome
- hull percentagee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- healthy plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although achenes from plants with head rot were similar in size to achenes harvested from healthy plants, they were significantly lighter, lower in oil, and higher in hull percentage”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The diseases did not materially alter the relative percentages of four major oil fatty acids.
- Taxon
- sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)Helianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- diseases studiede0
- Outcome
- relative percentages of the four major fatty acids in the oile0
- Direction
- not altered sufficientlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relative percentages of the four major fatty acids in the oil (palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic) were not altered sufficiently by any of the diseases studied to be an influence on oil quality”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”