Abstract
Within-plant distribution and within-field dispersion of Spissistilus festinus (Say) nymphs on conventionally planted and tilled soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, were quantified over a 2-yr period at two experimental sites. Within-plant distribution (vertical and horizontal location) was more closely associated with vegetative development in 1986 than in 1987. The mainstem node with the most nymphs, designated the most likely node (MLN), represented the location of 50% or more of all nymphs through 4 July (V6–V7) and at least 30% through 10 August (Vl3–V18). From plant emergence until first bloom (R1), 100% of the nymphs were found on either the mainstem, mainstem petioles, or the first lateral branch node. However, from R1 until the end of the season, significantly more nymphs were found on mainstem petioles, and twice as many nymphs were associated with lateral branches than with the mainstem. Higher nymphal densities and a greater proportion of infested plants occurred in 1986 than in 1987. Indices of dispersion calculated from individual plant samples suggested greater aggregation of nymphs than did values reported for larger sample units such as the ground cloth. Iterative nonlinear regression of proportion infested plants against mean density allowed estimation of Taylor's coefficients that were used to develop sequential sampling plans appropriate for enumerative and presence-absence methods. Results indicated that nymphs did not reach damaging levels during any of the sampling periods.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Hopper within-plant distribution was more closely associated with vegetative development in 1986 than 1987.
- Taxon
- Spissistilus festinus
Spissistilus festinuse1 - Organ / stage
- vegetative developmente0
- Interactor
- Glycine max
Glycine maxe1host - Outcome
- Within-plant distributione0
- Qualifier
- 1986e0
- Comparator
- 1987e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Within-plant distribution (vertical and horizontal location) was more closely associated with vegetative development in 1986 than in 1987.”
e1“Spissistilus festinus (Say) nymphs on conventionally planted and tilled soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merrill”
Claim · model-written summary
The most likely mainstem node held at least 50% of nymphs through 4 July at V6–V7.
- Taxon
- Spissistilus festinusSpissistilus festinuse1
- Organ / stage
- mainstem nodee0
- Interactor
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1host
- Outcome
- locatione0
- Value
- 50% or moree0
- Qualifier
- through 4 July (V6–V7)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mainstem node with the most nymphs, designated the most likely node (MLN), represented the location of 50% or more of all nymphs through 4 July (V6–V7) and at least 30% through 10 August (Vl3–V18).”
e1“Spissistilus festinus (Say) nymphs on conventionally planted and tilled soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merrill”
Claim · model-written summary
The most likely mainstem node held at least 30% of nymphs through 10 August at Vl3–V18.
- Taxon
- Spissistilus festinusSpissistilus festinuse1
- Organ / stage
- mainstem nodee0
- Interactor
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1host
- Outcome
- locatione0
- Value
- at least 30%e0
- Qualifier
- through 10 August (Vl3–V18)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mainstem node with the most nymphs, designated the most likely node (MLN), represented the location of 50% or more of all nymphs through 4 July (V6–V7) and at least 30% through 10 August (Vl3–V18).”
e1“Spissistilus festinus (Say) nymphs on conventionally planted and tilled soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merrill”
Claim · model-written summary
All nymphs occurred on the mainstem, mainstem petioles or first lateral branch node from emergence to first bloom.
- Taxon
- Spissistilus festinusSpissistilus festinuse1
- Organ / stage
- mainstem, mainstem petioles, or the first lateral branch nodee0
- Interactor
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1host
- Outcome
- nymphs were founde0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Qualifier
- From plant emergence until first bloom (R1)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“From plant emergence until first bloom (R1), 100% of the nymphs were found on either the mainstem, mainstem petioles, or the first lateral branch node.”
e1“Spissistilus festinus (Say) nymphs on conventionally planted and tilled soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merrill”
Claim · model-written summary
From R1 to season end, significantly more nymphs occurred on mainstem petioles.
- Taxon
- Spissistilus festinusSpissistilus festinuse1
- Organ / stage
- mainstem petiolese0
- Interactor
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1host
- Outcome
- nymphse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- from R1 until the end of the seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“from R1 until the end of the season, significantly more nymphs were found on mainstem petioles”
e1“Spissistilus festinus (Say) nymphs on conventionally planted and tilled soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merrill”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice as many nymphs were associated with lateral branches as with the mainstem after R1.
- Taxon
- Spissistilus festinusSpissistilus festinuse1
- Organ / stage
- lateral branchese0
- Interactor
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1host
- Outcome
- nymphse0
- Direction
- twice as manye0
- Value
- twicee0
- Qualifier
- from R1 until the end of the seasone0
- Comparator
- mainsteme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“from R1 until the end of the season, significantly more nymphs were found on mainstem petioles, and twice as many nymphs were associated with lateral branches than with the mainstem.”
e1“Spissistilus festinus (Say) nymphs on conventionally planted and tilled soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merrill”
Claim · model-written summary
Nymph density and proportion of infested soybean plants were greater in 1986 than 1987.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1
- Interactor
- Spissistilus festinusSpissistilus festinuse1pest
- Outcome
- nymphal densities and a greater proportion of infested plantse0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Qualifier
- 1986e0
- Comparator
- 1987e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher nymphal densities and a greater proportion of infested plants occurred in 1986 than in 1987.”
e1“Spissistilus festinus (Say) nymphs on conventionally planted and tilled soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merrill”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual plant samples indicated greater nymph aggregation than larger sampling units such as ground cloth.
- Taxon
- Spissistilus festinusSpissistilus festinuse1
- Interactor
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1host
- Outcome
- aggregation of nymphse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- larger sample unitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indices of dispersion calculated from individual plant samples suggested greater aggregation of nymphs than did values reported for larger sample units such as the ground cloth.”
e1“Spissistilus festinus (Say) nymphs on conventionally planted and tilled soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merrill”
Claim · model-written summary
Regression estimates of Taylor's coefficients supported sequential enumerative and presence-absence sampling plans.
- Taxon
- Spissistilus festinusSpissistilus festinuse1
- Interactor
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1host
- Outcome
- sequential sampling planse0
- Qualifier
- enumerative and presence-absence methodse0
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iterative nonlinear regression of proportion infested plants against mean density allowed estimation of Taylor's coefficients that were used to develop sequential sampling plans appropriate for enumerative and presence-absence methods.”
e1“Spissistilus festinus (Say) nymphs on conventionally planted and tilled soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merrill”
Claim · model-written summary
Nymphs never reached damaging levels during sampled periods.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1
- Interactor
- Spissistilus festinusSpissistilus festinuse1pest
- Outcome
- nymphs did not reach damaging levelse0
- Qualifier
- during any of the sampling periodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results indicated that nymphs did not reach damaging levels during any of the sampling periods.”
e1“Spissistilus festinus (Say) nymphs on conventionally planted and tilled soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merrill”