Abstract
Early Permian (late Leonardian Series) plant assemblages from King, Knox, and Stonewall Counties of North-Central Texas are dominated by seed plants, some apparently congeneric with taxa heretofore known only from the Late Permian or the Mesozoic. Conifers are the dominant elements, including one or more species of Ullmannia, Pseudovoltzia liebeana, both known from the Late Permian Zechstein flora of Germany and England, Podozamites sp., characteristic of the Mesozoic, and Walchia sp., abundant in Early Permian floras. Locally common are Taeniopteris cf. eckardtii, a Zechstein species, an unidentified plant represented by pinnulelike laminae with fine parallel veins, similar to pinnules of some Mesozoic cycads, and calamite stems. Rarely encountered are leaf fragments of the Paleozoic ginkgophyte Dicranophyllum, flabellate ginkgophyte leaves, leaves with a broad midvein and narrow, fimbriate lamina, and Wattia, typical of the Early Permian. Associated with these foliar remains are ovulate reproductive structures including the presumed cycad megasporophyll Dioonitocarpidium, known only from the Mesozoic, a voltzialean cone scale similar to Swedenborgia, and a variety of seeds, some remarkably similar to Agathis, of Cretaceous age. The assemblage includes only rare scraps of foliage and seeds possibly attributable to the pteridophyllous elements (gigantopterids, callipterids, and ferns) that dominate the Permian. The fossil plants occur in multistorey, fining-upwards, tidal-channel deposits that also include pelecypods and fragmentary palaeoniscoid fish. The occurrence of derived lineages in xeric habitats during the Early Permian indicates that some supposed Mesozoic groups actually preceded and survived the end-Permian extinction, reappearing in basinal lowlands during the mid-Mesozoic.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Early Permian plant assemblages in north-central Texas are dominated by seed plants.
- Taxon
- seed plantsSpermatophytae0
- Outcome
- dominated by seed plantse0
- Setting
- King, Knox, and Stonewall Counties of North-Central Texase0
Verbatim
e0“Early Permian (late Leonardian Series) plant assemblages from King, Knox, and Stonewall Counties of North-Central Texas are dominated by seed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Conifers are the dominant elements of the Early Permian flora.
- Outcome
- dominant elementse1
Verbatim
e1“Conifers are the dominant elements”
Claim · model-written summary
Ullmannia occurs in the Early Permian flora and is known from the Late Permian Zechstein flora of Germany and England.
Verbatim
e2“one or more species of Ullmannia, Pseudovoltzia liebeana, both known from the Late Permian Zechstein flora of Germany and England”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudovoltzia liebeana occurs in the Early Permian flora and is known from the Late Permian Zechstein flora of Germany and England.
Verbatim
e2“one or more species of Ullmannia, Pseudovoltzia liebeana, both known from the Late Permian Zechstein flora of Germany and England”
Claim · model-written summary
Podozamites sp. is characteristic of the Mesozoic.
Verbatim
e3“Podozamites sp., characteristic of the Mesozoic”
Claim · model-written summary
Walchia sp. is abundant in Early Permian floras.
- Outcome
- abundant in Early Permian florase4
Verbatim
e4“Walchia sp., abundant in Early Permian floras”
Claim · model-written summary
Taeniopteris cf. eckardtii is locally common and is a Zechstein species.
Verbatim
e5“Locally common are Taeniopteris cf. eckardtii, a Zechstein species”
Claim · model-written summary
Dioonitocarpidium, a presumed cycad megasporophyll, is known only from the Mesozoic.
Verbatim
e6“the presumed cycad megasporophyll Dioonitocarpidium, known only from the Mesozoic”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicranophyllum leaf fragments are rarely encountered and belong to a Paleozoic ginkgophyte.
Verbatim
e7“Rarely encountered are leaf fragments of the Paleozoic ginkgophyte Dicranophyllum”
Claim · model-written summary
Wattia is typical of the Early Permian.
Verbatim
e7“Rarely encountered are leaf fragments of the Paleozoic ginkgophyte Dicranophyllum, flabellate ginkgophyte leaves, leaves with a broad midvein and narrow, fimbriate lamina, and Wattia, typical of the Early Permian”
Claim · model-written summary
Some seeds in the Early Permian assemblage are remarkably similar to Agathis and of Cretaceous age.
- Taxon
- seed plantsSpermatophytae0
- Outcome
- remarkably similar to Agathise6
Verbatim
e0“Early Permian (late Leonardian Series) plant assemblages from King, Knox, and Stonewall Counties of North-Central Texas are dominated by seed plants”
e6“a variety of seeds, some remarkably similar to Agathis, of Cretaceous age”
Claim · model-written summary
Derived lineages in xeric habitats during the Early Permian indicate that some supposed Mesozoic groups preceded and survived the end-Permian extinction.
Verbatim
e7“The occurrence of derived lineages in xeric habitats during the Early Permian indicates that some supposed Mesozoic groups actually preceded and survived the end-Permian extinction”
Claim · model-written summary
Only rare scraps of foliage and seeds are attributable to pteridophyllous elements in the assemblage.
Verbatim
e5“The assemblage includes only rare scraps of foliage and seeds possibly attributable to the pteridophyllous elements (gigantopterids, callipterids, and ferns)”
Claim · model-written summary
The fossil plants occur in multistorey, fining-upwards, tidal-channel deposits.
Verbatim
e6“The fossil plants occur in multistorey, fining-upwards, tidal-channel deposits”