Paper · 1966 · Crop Science

Epistatic and Other Genetic Variances in Two Varieties of Maize1

S. A. Eberhart; R. H. Moll; H. F. Robinson; et al.

7
claims
15
verbatim quotes
34
citations
3
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

We obtained full‐sib and half‐sib covariances in two open‐pollinated varieties of maize, ‘Jarvis’ and ‘Indian Chief,’ from families derived from both inbred and noninbred parents. These covariances provide estimates of additive, dominance, and certain estimable functions of epistatic variances, and are useful to investigate the relative importance of the different types of genetic variation in these varieties. Seven characters were studied in both varieties, and no evidence of epistatic variance was noted except possibly for yield in Indian Chief. During development of the random inbred lines natural selection increased ear number and yield in both varieties. It may also have reduced the total genetic variance for characters that showed no change in the mean. Both the observed and “expected” standard errors were smaller for estimates of variance components obtained from the Design II than from the Design I experiments. Observed standard errors of the experimental error variances were larger than “expected standard errors” for both Designs. Additive variance appeared to account for the largest proportion of the total genetic variance for all characters in both varieties. Hence, recurrent selection should be effective in improving these varieties.

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Claims 7

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

No epistatic variance was found across seven characters except possibly yield in Indian Chief.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Material
Indian Chiefe0
Outcome
epistatic variancee0
Qualifier
except possibly for yield in Indian Chiefe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“no evidence of epistatic variance was noted except possibly for yield in Indian Chief.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 467–553 · show in text ↑
t0

“Maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 58–63 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Natural selection during inbred line development increased ear number and yield in both varieties.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Material
both varietiese0
Treatment
natural selectione0
Outcome
ear number and yielde0
Direction
increasede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“During development of the random inbred lines natural selection increased ear number and yield in both varieties.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 554–667 · show in text ↑
t0

“Maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 58–63 · show in text ↑
Associationauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Natural selection may have reduced total genetic variance for characters with unchanged means.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
natural selectiont1
Outcome
total genetic variancee0
Direction
reducede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“It may also have reduced the total genetic variance for characters that showed no change in the mean.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 668–769 · show in text ↑
t0

“Maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 58–63 · show in text ↑
t1

“natural selection increased ear number and yield in both varieties.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 600–667 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Design II yielded smaller observed and expected standard errors for variance component estimates than Design I.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Outcome
standard errorse0
Direction
smallere0
Comparator
Design Ie0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Both the observed and “expected” standard errors were smaller for estimates of variance components obtained from the Design II than from the Design I experiments.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 770–932 · show in text ↑
t0

“Maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 58–63 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Observed error variance standard errors exceeded expected standard errors in both designs.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Outcome
Observed standard errors of the experimental error variancese0
Direction
largere0
Comparator
“expected standard errors”e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Observed standard errors of the experimental error variances were larger than “expected standard errors” for both Designs.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 933–1055 · show in text ↑
t0

“Maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 58–63 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Additive variance appeared to contribute the largest share of total genetic variance for all characters in both varieties.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Outcome
Additive variancee0
Direction
largeste0
Qualifier
all characters in both varietiese0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Additive variance appeared to account for the largest proportion of the total genetic variance for all characters in both varieties.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1056–1188 · show in text ↑
t0

“Maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 58–63 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Recurrent selection should improve these varieties.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Outcome
recurrent selection should be effective in improving these varietiese0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“recurrent selection should be effective in improving these varieties.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1196–1265 · show in text ↑
t0

“Maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 58–63 · show in text ↑