Abstract
Diversity and species composition of endophytic fungi on leaves of 11 tree species in Betulaceae were studied, with reference to climatic, tree species, and seasonal variations. A total of 186 fungal isolates were obtained from 190 leaves collected in a subalpine forest, a cool temperate forest, and a subtropical forest in Japan, and were divided into 46 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) according to the base sequences of D1-D2 region of large subunit rDNA. The 2 most frequent OTUs were Muscodor sp. and Nemania sp. in Xylariaceae, followed by Gnomonia sp., Glomerella acutata , Apiosporopsis sp., Asteroma sp., and Cladosporium cladosporioides . The similarities of OTU composition in endophytic fungal assemblages on leaves of Betulaceae were generally low among the forests of different climatic regions. Fungal OTU compositions were relatively similar between 2 Betula species in the subalpine forest, whereas 7 tree species in the cool temperate forest were divided into 3 groups according to the similarity of endophytic fungal assemblages on the leaves, with 4 Carpinus species assigned into 2 of the 3 groups. The similarity of endophytic fungal assemblages between August and October was relatively high in the subalpine forest, whereas the seasonal changes were generally greater (i.e., the similarities among sampling dates were lower) in the cool temperate forest.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Sampling found 186 fungal isolates representing 46 OTUs.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 186 fungal isolates were obtained from 190 leaves collected in a subalpine forest, a cool temperate forest, and a subtropical forest in Japan, and were divided into 46 operational taxonomic units (OTUs)”
t0“Betulaceae”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf fungal isolates formed 46 OTUs.
- Taxon
- BetulaceaeBetulaceaet0
- Outcome
- operational taxonomic units (OTUs)e0
- Value
- 46 operational taxonomic units (OTUs)e0
Verbatim
e0“were divided into 46 operational taxonomic units (OTUs)”
t0“fungi associated with leaves of Betulaceae”
Claim · model-written summary
Muscodor and Nemania were the most frequent OTUs.
- Taxon
- BetulaceaeBetulaceaet0
- Outcome
- most frequent OTUse0
- Value
- 2e0
Verbatim
e0“The 2 most frequent OTUs were Muscodor sp. and Nemania sp. in Xylariaceae”
t0“Betulaceae”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte OTU similarity was generally low across climatic regions.
Verbatim
e0“The similarities of OTU composition in endophytic fungal assemblages on leaves of Betulaceae were generally low among the forests of different climatic regions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal OTU composition was relatively similar between two Betula species in the subalpine forest.
BetulaNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungal OTU compositions were relatively similar between 2 Betula species in the subalpine forest”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven cool-temperate tree species formed three groups by fungal assemblage similarity.
Verbatim
e0“7 tree species in the cool temperate forest were divided into 3 groups according to the similarity of endophytic fungal assemblages on the leaves”
t0“Betulaceae”
Claim · model-written summary
Four Carpinus species fell into two of those three groups.
CarpinusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with 4 Carpinus species assigned into 2 of the 3 groups.”
t0“fungi associated with leaves of Betulaceae”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal assemblages were relatively similar between August and October in the subalpine forest.
Verbatim
e0“The similarity of endophytic fungal assemblages between August and October was relatively high in the subalpine forest”
t0“Betulaceae”
Claim · model-written summary
Seasonal fungal assemblage change was generally greater in the cool temperate forest.
- Taxon
- BetulaceaeBetulaceaet0
- Outcome
- seasonal changese0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Setting
- cool temperate foreste0
Verbatim
e0“the seasonal changes were generally greater (i.e., the similarities among sampling dates were lower) in the cool temperate forest.”
t0“fungi associated with leaves of Betulaceae”