Abstract
For the design of harvesting machines is important the study of characteristics dealing with the harvest of crops. This study focused on some physico-mechanical characteristics of rose petals, which are important for pneumatic harvest mechanization of Rosa damascena Mill. These characteristics are terminal velocity, picking force, mass, projection area, density, and drag coefficient of rose petals. The petals were handpicked at 06:30 a.m. (S1), 08:30 a.m. (S2), 10:30 a.m. (S3), and 12:30 p.m. (S4) at four different dates in 2009, June 5 (H1), June 11 (H2), June 17 (H3), and June 23 (H4), covering the potential flowering period. Terminal velocity of rose petals varied between 1.572 and 1.257 m s–1; the picking force from 0.501 to 1.005 N; the mass measured from 0.049 to 0.122 g; projection area from 13.830 cm2 for H1S4 to 7.071 cm2 for H4S1; drag coefficient from 0.790 for H2S1 to 0.287 for H1S4. The results of the study indicate that as far as terminal velocity of rose petals is concerned the harvest of R. damascena should be executed towards the end of H4 and S4. On the other hand, the magnitude of the picking force, the density, and the drag coefficient of rose petals decrease when the harvesting hour increases from H1 to H4 and the harvesting date increases from S1 to S4, which makes necessary to increase aspiration pressure.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Rose-petal terminal velocity ranged from 1.572 to 1.257 m s–1.
- Taxon
- Rosa damascena
Rosa ×damascenat0 - Organ / stage
- rose petalse0
- Outcome
- Terminal velocitye0
- Value
- 1.572 and 1.257 m s–1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminal velocity of rose petals varied between 1.572 and 1.257 m s–1”
t0“Rosa damascena”
Claim · model-written summary
Rose-petal picking force ranged from 0.501 to 1.005 N.
- Taxon
- Rosa damascenaRosa ×damascenat0
- Outcome
- picking forcee0
- Value
- 0.501 to 1.005 Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the picking force from 0.501 to 1.005 N”
t0“Rosa damascena”
Claim · model-written summary
Rose-petal mass ranged from 0.049 to 0.122 g.
- Taxon
- Rosa damascenaRosa ×damascenat0
- Outcome
- masse0
- Value
- 0.049 to 0.122 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mass measured from 0.049 to 0.122 g”
t0“Rosa damascena”
Claim · model-written summary
Rose-petal projection area ranged from 13.830 to 7.071 cm2 across the specified harvest combinations.
- Taxon
- Rosa damascenaRosa ×damascenat0
- Outcome
- projection areae0
- Value
- 13.830 cm2e0
- Qualifier
- 7.071 cm2 for H4S1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“projection area from 13.830 cm2 for H1S4 to 7.071 cm2 for H4S1”
t0“Rosa damascena”
Claim · model-written summary
Rose-petal drag coefficient ranged from 0.790 to 0.287 across harvest combinations.
- Taxon
- Rosa damascenaRosa ×damascenat0
- Outcome
- drag coefficiente0
- Value
- 0.790e0
- Qualifier
- 0.287 for H1S4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drag coefficient from 0.790 for H2S1 to 0.287 for H1S4”
t0“Rosa damascena”
Claim · model-written summary
Picking force, density and drag coefficient decreased with increasing harvesting hour and date.
- Taxon
- Rosa damascenaRosa ×damascenat0
- Organ / stage
- rose petalse0
- Outcome
- picking force, the density, and the drag coefficiente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- harvesting hour increases from H1 to H4 and the harvesting date increases from S1 to S4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the magnitude of the picking force, the density, and the drag coefficient of rose petals decrease when the harvesting hour increases from H1 to H4 and the harvesting date increases from S1 to S4”
t0“Rosa damascena”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend harvesting R. damascena near the end of H4 and S4 for terminal velocity.
- Taxon
- R. damascenaRosa ×damascenae0
- Outcome
- harvest of R. damascena should be executed towards the end of H4 and S4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the harvest of R. damascena should be executed towards the end of H4 and S4.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude aspiration pressure should increase as the physical properties decline.
- Taxon
- Rosa damascenaRosa ×damascenat0
- Outcome
- increase aspiration pressuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which makes necessary to increase aspiration pressure.”
t0“Rosa damascena”