Abstract
Summary 1 The effect of reducing the growth of winter wheat on population size and development of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae was studied. 2 Automatic, mobile, crop shading devices, which reduced radiation comparable to levels found on a cloudy day, whilst minimizing other climatic changes, were used to reduce crop growth. Shading was applied between either GS 31 and 39 (1st node detectable → flag leaf ligule just visible) or GS 39 and 55 (flag leaf just visible → 50% of inflorescence emerged). 3 Sitobion avenae populations were initiated at GS 55 and highest populations were subsequently observed on plants shaded between GS 31 and 39. 4 Individual aphids confined within clip cages were observed to measure development from birth to adult moult, adult lifespan and fecundity. Results indicated that adult lifespan was shortest on plants shaded between GS31 and 39, whilst there were no differences in development time or fecundity. 5 Possible explanations for these observations are discussed.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Aphid populations were highest on wheat shaded at GS 31 to 39.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- shaded between GS 31 and 39e0
- Interactor
- Sitobion avenae
Sitobion avenaee0pest - Outcome
- Sitobion avenae populationse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sitobion avenae populations were initiated at GS 55 and highest populations were subsequently observed on plants shaded between GS 31 and 39”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Adult aphid lifespan was shortest on wheat shaded at GS 31 to 39.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- shaded between GS31 and 39e0
- Interactor
- Sitobion avenaeSitobion avenaee1pest
- Outcome
- adult lifespane0
- Direction
- shorteste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adult lifespan was shortest on plants shaded between GS31 and 39”
e1“grain aphid Sitobion avenae”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphid development time did not differ among wheat shading treatments.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Shadinge1
- Interactor
- Sitobion avenaeSitobion avenaee2pest
- Outcome
- development timee0
- Direction
- no differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were no differences in development time or fecundity”
e1“Shading was applied between either GS 31 and 39 (1st node detectable → flag leaf ligule just visible) or GS 39 and 55”
e2“grain aphid Sitobion avenae”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphid fecundity did not differ among wheat shading treatments.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Shadinge1
- Interactor
- Sitobion avenaeSitobion avenaee2pest
- Outcome
- fecunditye0
- Direction
- no differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were no differences in development time or fecundity”
e1“Shading was applied between either GS 31 and 39 (1st node detectable → flag leaf ligule just visible) or GS 39 and 55”
e2“grain aphid Sitobion avenae”
t0“winter wheat”