Abstract
Abstract: The influence of three solanaceous plants (tomato, sweet pepper and eggplant) on the functional response of the predatory bug Picromerus bidens to densities of fourth‐instar larvae of the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua was assessed. Logistic regression indicated a type II functional response on all host plants. Over all prey densities, P. bidens killed significantly fewer fourth instars of S. exigua on tomato than on sweet pepper or eggplant (1.96 ± 0.17 vs. 4.37 ± 0.19 and 3.90 ± 0.15 larvae per predator per 24 h respectively). A higher theoretical maximum predation rate was estimated on sweet pepper (11.1 prey larvae per day) and eggplant (7.4) than on tomato (5.4). The mean number of prey killed per day by P. bidens females ranged from 0.78 at a density of one prey on tomato to 8.45 at a density of 24 prey on sweet pepper. The data indicated that the estimates of handling time ( T h ) and attack rate ( a ) were highly affected by host plant. Based on asymptotic 95% confidence intervals, a lower attack coefficient was found on tomato (0.02 h −1 ) than on sweet pepper or eggplant (0.07 and 0.11 h −1 respectively). On the other hand, handling times were significantly longer on tomato (4.42 h) and eggplant (3.23 h) than on sweet pepper (2.15 h). This laboratory study suggests that plant characteristics influence the ability of P. bidens to respond to changes in prey density.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
P. bidens killed significantly fewer S. exigua larvae on tomato than on sweet pepper or eggplant.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Interactor
- S. exigua
Spodoptera exiguae1pest - Second interactor
- P. bidens
Picromerus bidense1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- fourth instars of S. exiguae1
- Direction
- fewere1
- Value
- 1.96 ± 0.17e1
- Comparator
- sweet pepper or eggplante1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three solanaceous plants (tomato, sweet pepper and eggplant)”
e1“Over all prey densities, P. bidens killed significantly fewer fourth instars of S. exigua on tomato than on sweet pepper or eggplant (1.96 ± 0.17 vs. 4.37 ± 0.19 and 3.90 ± 0.15 larvae per predator per 24 h respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Theoretical maximum predation rate was higher on sweet pepper and eggplant than on tomato.
- Taxon
- sweet pepper
Capsicum annuume2 - Outcome
- theoretical maximum predation ratee2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 11.1 prey larvae per daye2
- Qualifier
- eggplant (7.4)e2
- Comparator
- tomatoe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three solanaceous plants (tomato, sweet pepper and eggplant)”
e2“A higher theoretical maximum predation rate was estimated on sweet pepper (11.1 prey larvae per day) and eggplant (7.4) than on tomato (5.4)”
Claim · model-written summary
Attack coefficient was lower on tomato than on sweet pepper or eggplant.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Outcome
- attack coefficiente3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Value
- 0.02 h −1e3
- Comparator
- sweet pepper or eggplante3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three solanaceous plants (tomato, sweet pepper and eggplant)”
e3“a lower attack coefficient was found on tomato (0.02 h −1 ) than on sweet pepper or eggplant (0.07 and 0.11 h −1 respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Handling time was longer on tomato than on sweet pepper.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume4
- Outcome
- handling timese4
- Direction
- significantly longere4
- Value
- 4.42 he4
- Comparator
- sweet peppere4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three solanaceous plants (tomato, sweet pepper and eggplant)”
e4“handling times were significantly longer on tomato (4.42 h) and eggplant (3.23 h) than on sweet pepper (2.15 h)”
Claim · model-written summary
Handling time was longer on eggplant than on sweet pepper.
- Taxon
- eggplant
Solanum melongenae4 - Outcome
- handling timese4
- Direction
- significantly longere4
- Value
- 3.23 he4
- Comparator
- sweet peppere4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three solanaceous plants (tomato, sweet pepper and eggplant)”
e4“handling times were significantly longer on tomato (4.42 h) and eggplant (3.23 h) than on sweet pepper (2.15 h)”
Claim · model-written summary
P. bidens showed a type II functional response on all host plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- type II functional responsee5
- Qualifier
- on all host plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three solanaceous plants (tomato, sweet pepper and eggplant)”
e5“Logistic regression indicated a type II functional response on all host plants”