Abstract
Abstract The effects of nematode infection and mulching on plantain cv. Agbagba (Musa spp., AAB-group, false horn) yield and plantation longevity were examined in a field experiment at the High Rainfall Station of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) at Onne in southeastern Nigeria. The 2nd, 3rd and 4th crop cycles (1st, 2nd and 3rd ratoon, respectively) following the plant crop cycle (mother crop) were examined in nematode inoculated or non-inoculated and mulched or non-mulched treatments. Nematodes (Radopholus similis, Helicotylenchus multicinctus and, to a lesser extent, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Hoplolaimus pararobustus and Meloidogyne spp.) were inoculated at planting of the mother plant, but were also present in relatively high population densities in the non-inoculated treatments at harvest of the 1st crop cycle. Plants inoculated with nematodes failed to reach harvest and neither did plants in the non-inoculated non-mulched treatments in any ratoon. Only non-inoculated mulched plants reached harvest, producing 0.85, 1.22 and 0.2 Mg ha−1, respectively in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd ratoon, taking toppled, broken and dead plants into consideration. Mulched plants were larger, had more suckers, survived longer and had healthier root systems compared with non-mulched plants. Damage to roots was greater in the inoculated plants compared with the non-inoculated plants for the 1st and 2nd ratoons but not for the 3rd ratoon. Radopholus similis was most strongly associated with root damage (percentage root necrosis and dead roots), although H. multicinctus population densities were also positively correlated with percentage root necrosis. At flowering of the 1st ratoon, 71% of the inoculated non-mulched plants were dead compared with only 1% of the non-inoculated mulched plants. Helicotylenchus multicinctus remained the most abundant nematode throughout the experiment. Together with R. similis, it comprised over 95% of the plant-parasitic nematode population.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode inoculated plants failed to reach harvest.
- Taxon
- plantainMusa ABB Groupt0
- Treatment
- inoculated with nematodese0
- Outcome
- failed to reach harveste0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Plants inoculated with nematodes failed to reach harvest and neither did plants in the non-inoculated non-mulched treatments in any ratoon.”
t0“plantain”
Claim · model-written summary
Noninoculated unmulched plants also failed to reach harvest.
- Taxon
- plantainMusa ABB Groupt0
- Treatment
- non-inoculated non-mulched treatmentse0
- Outcome
- failed to reach harveste0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Plants inoculated with nematodes failed to reach harvest and neither did plants in the non-inoculated non-mulched treatments in any ratoon.”
t0“plantain”
Claim · model-written summary
Only noninoculated mulched plants reached harvest.
- Taxon
- plantainMusa ABB Groupt0
- Treatment
- non-inoculated mulchede0
- Outcome
- reached harveste0
Verbatim
e0“Only non-inoculated mulched plants reached harvest, producing 0.85, 1.22 and 0.2 Mg ha−1, respectively in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd ratoon, taking toppled, broken and dead plants into consideration.”
t0“plantain”
Claim · model-written summary
First ratoon yielded 0.85 Mg per hectare under noninoculated mulch.
- Taxon
- plantainMusa ABB Groupt0
- Organ / stage
- the 1ste0
- Outcome
- producinge0
- Value
- 0.85e0
Verbatim
e0“Only non-inoculated mulched plants reached harvest, producing 0.85, 1.22 and 0.2 Mg ha−1, respectively in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd ratoon, taking toppled, broken and dead plants into consideration.”
t0“plantain”
Claim · model-written summary
Second ratoon yielded 1.22 Mg per hectare under noninoculated mulch.
- Taxon
- plantainMusa ABB Groupt0
- Organ / stage
- 2nde0
- Outcome
- producinge0
- Value
- 1.22e0
Verbatim
e0“Only non-inoculated mulched plants reached harvest, producing 0.85, 1.22 and 0.2 Mg ha−1, respectively in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd ratoon, taking toppled, broken and dead plants into consideration.”
t0“plantain”
Claim · model-written summary
Third ratoon yielded 0.2 Mg per hectare under noninoculated mulch.
- Taxon
- plantainMusa ABB Groupt0
- Organ / stage
- 3rd ratoone0
- Outcome
- producinge0
- Value
- 0.2 Mg ha−1e0
Verbatim
e0“Only non-inoculated mulched plants reached harvest, producing 0.85, 1.22 and 0.2 Mg ha−1, respectively in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd ratoon, taking toppled, broken and dead plants into consideration.”
t0“plantain”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching increased plant size, suckers, survival and root health.
Verbatim
e0“Mulched plants were larger, had more suckers, survived longer and had healthier root systems compared with non-mulched plants.”
t0“plantain”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode inoculation increased root damage in the first two ratoons, but not the third.
Verbatim
e0“Damage to roots was greater in the inoculated plants compared with the non-inoculated plants for the 1st and 2nd ratoons but not for the 3rd ratoon.”
t0“plantain”
Claim · model-written summary
Radopholus similis was most strongly associated with root damage.
- Taxon
- plantainMusa ABB Groupt0
- Interactor
- Radopholus similis
Radopholus similise0pest - Outcome
- root damagee0
- Direction
- most strongly associatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Radopholus similis was most strongly associated with root damage (percentage root necrosis and dead roots), although H. multicinctus population densities were also positively correlated with percentage root necrosis.”
t0“plantain”
Claim · model-written summary
H. multicinctus density correlated positively with root necrosis.
- Taxon
- plantainMusa ABB Groupt0
- Interactor
- H. multicinctusHelicotylenchus multicinctuse0pest
- Outcome
- percentage root necrosise0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Verbatim
e0“Radopholus similis was most strongly associated with root damage (percentage root necrosis and dead roots), although H. multicinctus population densities were also positively correlated with percentage root necrosis.”
t0“plantain”
Claim · model-written summary
At first ratoon flowering, mortality was 71% in inoculated unmulched plants versus 1% in noninoculated mulched plants.
Verbatim
e0“At flowering of the 1st ratoon, 71% of the inoculated non-mulched plants were dead compared with only 1% of the non-inoculated mulched plants.”
t0“plantain”
Claim · model-written summary
H. multicinctus remained the most abundant nematode and, with R. similis, exceeded 95% of plant parasitic nematodes.
- Taxon
- plantainMusa ABB Groupt0
- Interactor
- Helicotylenchus multicinctusHelicotylenchus multicinctuse0pest
- Outcome
- most abundant nematodee0
- Value
- over 95%e0
Verbatim
e0“Helicotylenchus multicinctus remained the most abundant nematode throughout the experiment. Together with R. similis, it comprised over 95% of the plant-parasitic nematode population.”
t0“plantain”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · pest · Musa x paradisiaca (banana)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
inoculation · Nematoda · Musa x paradisiaca (banana)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
mulching · survival · Musa x paradisiaca (banana)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.