Abstract
While many studies have been conducted on possible effects of Bt-maize on beneficial arthropods, information on its effects on non-target pests of maize is scarce. Bt-maize has been planted in South Africa since 1998 for control of the maize stem borers, Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). No information is available on the possible effects that feeding on Bt-maize may have on other pests exposed to Cry1Ab protein when they attack seedlings or ears of Bt-maize. Important pests attacking maize seedlings are Heteronychus arator (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Somaticus angulatus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), while Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a sporadic pest of maize ears. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of Bt-maize, expressing Cry1Ab protein, on these non-target pests. Laboratory studies in which larvae or adults of these species were fed with Bt and non-Bt-maize leaves or ears were conducted and mortality, growth, fecundity and fertility determined. Feeding on Bt-maize did not have a significant effect on any of these life-history parameters of H. arator or S. angulatus. In greenhouse and laboratory studies with H. armigera no larvae survived to the pupal stage on Bt-maize. This study showed that Cry1Ab-producing maize may protect the crop against H. armigera feeding damage. However, the likelihood of H. armigera becoming resistant to Cry1Ab protein over time, and it becoming an important secondary pest, is high.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Feeding on Bt-maize did not significantly affect life-history parameters of H. arator.
- Organ / stage
- leaves or earse2
- Treatment
- Feeding on Bt-maizee1
- Interactor
- H. arator
Heteronychus aratore1pest - Outcome
- life-history parameterse1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Comparator
- non-Bt-maizee2
- Setting
- Laboratorye2
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Feeding on Bt-maize did not have a significant effect on any of these life-history parameters of H. arator or S. angulatus”
e2“Laboratory studies in which larvae or adults of these species were fed with Bt and non-Bt-maize leaves or ears were conducted”
Claim · model-written summary
Feeding on Bt-maize did not significantly affect life-history parameters of S. angulatus.
- Organ / stage
- leaves or earse2
- Treatment
- Feeding on Bt-maizee1
- Interactor
- S. angulatuse1pest
- Outcome
- life-history parameterse1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Comparator
- non-Bt-maizee2
- Setting
- Laboratorye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Feeding on Bt-maize did not have a significant effect on any of these life-history parameters of H. arator or S. angulatus”
e2“Laboratory studies in which larvae or adults of these species were fed with Bt and non-Bt-maize leaves or ears were conducted”
Claim · model-written summary
Bt-maize allowed no H. armigera larvae to survive to the pupal stage in greenhouse and laboratory studies.
- Treatment
- Bt-maizee3
- Interactor
- H. armigera
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=60)
Helicoverpa armigerae3peste6 - Outcome
- larvae survived to the pupal stagee3
- Setting
- greenhouse and laboratory studiese3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=500)
Verbatim
e3“In greenhouse and laboratory studies with H. armigera no larvae survived to the pupal stage on Bt-maize”
e6“Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a sporadic pest of maize ears”
Claim · model-written summary
Cry1Ab-producing maize may protect the crop against H. armigera feeding damage (author interpretation).
- Treatment
- Cry1Ab-producing maizee4
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae4peste6
- Outcome
- H. armigera feeding damagee4
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“This study showed that Cry1Ab-producing maize may protect the crop against H. armigera feeding damage”
e6“Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a sporadic pest of maize ears”
Claim · model-written summary
The likelihood of H. armigera becoming resistant to Cry1Ab protein, and of it becoming an important secondary pest, is high (author interpretation).
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae5peste6
- Outcome
- likelihood of H. armigera becoming resistant to Cry1Ab protein over timee5
- Qualifier
- it becoming an important secondary peste5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the likelihood of H. armigera becoming resistant to Cry1Ab protein over time, and it becoming an important secondary pest, is high”
e6“Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a sporadic pest of maize ears”
The same questions in other papers
transgenic · Helicoverpa armigera · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.