Abstract
Abstract Growth of ‘Fiesta Gitana’ calendula ( Calendula officinalis ) in growth medium prepared from 75% (vol.) composted willow ( Salix sp.) sawdust (WS), with or without additional nitrogen (N) (4% w/w) during composting, and 25% (vol.) perlite was examined. Total plant dry matter, dry matter partition to flowers, and plant height at 77 days after planting were similar in media containing composted WS to values in achieved in a sphagnum peat:perlite (75:25, vol.) control medium. Relative to these media, non‐composted WS:perlite (75:25, vol.) resulted in average reductions of total dry matter (57%), dry matter partition to flowers (50%), plant height (43%), flower diameter (73%), and flower buds per plant (82%). In a further study, increasing the proportion of N‐enriched composted WS in perlite from 25% to 75% did not affect total dry matter, plant height, or flower number per plant of ‘Fiesta Gitana’ calendula or ‘Perfection Gold’ marigold ( Tagetes erecta ) compared to values achieved in the sphagnum peat:perlite (75:25, vol.) control medium. Since flower diameter decreased in both species when the N‐enriched composted WS exceeded 50%, we suggest that this “waste” product can substitute for all the sphagnum peat, but should not exceed 50% volume in a perlite mixture.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Calendula grown in media with composted willow sawdust had total dry matter, flower partition and plant height similar to the sphagnum peat control at 77 days.
- Taxon
- Calendula officinalis
Calendula officinalise1 - Treatment
- composted WSe2
- Outcome
- Total plant dry matter, dry matter partition to flowers, and plant heighte2
- Direction
- similare2
- Qualifier
- at 77 days after plantinge2
- Comparator
- sphagnum peat:perlite (75:25, vol.) control mediume2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Growth of ‘Fiesta Gitana’ calendula ( Calendula officinalis ) in growth medium prepared from 75% (vol.) composted willow ( Salix sp.) sawdust (WS), with or without additional nitrogen (N) (4% w/w) during composting, and 25% (vol.) perlite was examined”
e2“Total plant dry matter, dry matter partition to flowers, and plant height at 77 days after planting were similar in media containing composted WS to values in achieved in a sphagnum peat:perlite (75:25, vol.) control medium”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-composted willow sawdust in perlite reduced total dry matter of calendula by 57% relative to the peat control.
- Taxon
- Calendula officinalisCalendula officinalise1
- Treatment
- non‐composted WS:perlite (75:25, vol.)e3
- Outcome
- total dry mattere3
- Direction
- reductionse3
- Value
- 57%e3
- Comparator
- sphagnum peat:perlite (75:25, vol.) control mediume2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Growth of ‘Fiesta Gitana’ calendula ( Calendula officinalis ) in growth medium prepared from 75% (vol.) composted willow ( Salix sp.) sawdust (WS), with or without additional nitrogen (N) (4% w/w) during composting, and 25% (vol.) perlite was examined”
e2“Total plant dry matter, dry matter partition to flowers, and plant height at 77 days after planting were similar in media containing composted WS to values in achieved in a sphagnum peat:perlite (75:25, vol.) control medium”
e3“Relative to these media, non‐composted WS:perlite (75:25, vol.) resulted in average reductions of total dry matter (57%), dry matter partition to flowers (50%), plant height (43%), flower diameter (73%), and flower buds per plant (82%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-composted willow sawdust in perlite reduced dry matter partition to flowers of calendula by 50%.
- Taxon
- Calendula officinalisCalendula officinalise1
- Treatment
- non‐composted WS:perlite (75:25, vol.)e3
- Outcome
- dry matter partition to flowerse3
- Direction
- reductionse3
- Value
- 50%e3
- Comparator
- sphagnum peat:perlite (75:25, vol.) control mediume2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Growth of ‘Fiesta Gitana’ calendula ( Calendula officinalis ) in growth medium prepared from 75% (vol.) composted willow ( Salix sp.) sawdust (WS), with or without additional nitrogen (N) (4% w/w) during composting, and 25% (vol.) perlite was examined”
e2“Total plant dry matter, dry matter partition to flowers, and plant height at 77 days after planting were similar in media containing composted WS to values in achieved in a sphagnum peat:perlite (75:25, vol.) control medium”
e3“Relative to these media, non‐composted WS:perlite (75:25, vol.) resulted in average reductions of total dry matter (57%), dry matter partition to flowers (50%), plant height (43%), flower diameter (73%), and flower buds per plant (82%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-composted willow sawdust in perlite reduced plant height of calendula by 43%.
- Taxon
- Calendula officinalisCalendula officinalise1
- Treatment
- non‐composted WS:perlite (75:25, vol.)e3
- Outcome
- plant heighte3
- Direction
- reductionse3
- Value
- 43%e3
- Comparator
- sphagnum peat:perlite (75:25, vol.) control mediume2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Growth of ‘Fiesta Gitana’ calendula ( Calendula officinalis ) in growth medium prepared from 75% (vol.) composted willow ( Salix sp.) sawdust (WS), with or without additional nitrogen (N) (4% w/w) during composting, and 25% (vol.) perlite was examined”
e2“Total plant dry matter, dry matter partition to flowers, and plant height at 77 days after planting were similar in media containing composted WS to values in achieved in a sphagnum peat:perlite (75:25, vol.) control medium”
e3“Relative to these media, non‐composted WS:perlite (75:25, vol.) resulted in average reductions of total dry matter (57%), dry matter partition to flowers (50%), plant height (43%), flower diameter (73%), and flower buds per plant (82%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-composted willow sawdust in perlite reduced flower diameter of calendula by 73%.
- Taxon
- Calendula officinalisCalendula officinalise1
- Treatment
- non‐composted WS:perlite (75:25, vol.)e3
- Outcome
- flower diametere3
- Direction
- reductionse3
- Value
- 73%e3
- Comparator
- sphagnum peat:perlite (75:25, vol.) control mediume2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Growth of ‘Fiesta Gitana’ calendula ( Calendula officinalis ) in growth medium prepared from 75% (vol.) composted willow ( Salix sp.) sawdust (WS), with or without additional nitrogen (N) (4% w/w) during composting, and 25% (vol.) perlite was examined”
e2“Total plant dry matter, dry matter partition to flowers, and plant height at 77 days after planting were similar in media containing composted WS to values in achieved in a sphagnum peat:perlite (75:25, vol.) control medium”
e3“Relative to these media, non‐composted WS:perlite (75:25, vol.) resulted in average reductions of total dry matter (57%), dry matter partition to flowers (50%), plant height (43%), flower diameter (73%), and flower buds per plant (82%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-composted willow sawdust in perlite reduced flower buds per plant of calendula by 82%.
- Taxon
- Calendula officinalisCalendula officinalise1
- Treatment
- non‐composted WS:perlite (75:25, vol.)e3
- Outcome
- flower buds per plante3
- Direction
- reductionse3
- Value
- 82%e3
- Comparator
- sphagnum peat:perlite (75:25, vol.) control mediume2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Growth of ‘Fiesta Gitana’ calendula ( Calendula officinalis ) in growth medium prepared from 75% (vol.) composted willow ( Salix sp.) sawdust (WS), with or without additional nitrogen (N) (4% w/w) during composting, and 25% (vol.) perlite was examined”
e2“Total plant dry matter, dry matter partition to flowers, and plant height at 77 days after planting were similar in media containing composted WS to values in achieved in a sphagnum peat:perlite (75:25, vol.) control medium”
e3“Relative to these media, non‐composted WS:perlite (75:25, vol.) resulted in average reductions of total dry matter (57%), dry matter partition to flowers (50%), plant height (43%), flower diameter (73%), and flower buds per plant (82%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N-enriched composted willow sawdust from 25% to 75% in perlite did not affect total dry matter, height or flower number of calendula.
- Taxon
- Calendula officinalisCalendula officinalise1
- Material
- Fiesta Gitanae4
- Treatment
- increasing the proportion of N‐enriched composted WS in perlite from 25% to 75%e4
- Outcome
- total dry matter, plant height, or flower number per plante4
- Direction
- did not affecte4
- Comparator
- sphagnum peat:perlite (75:25, vol.) control mediume4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Growth of ‘Fiesta Gitana’ calendula ( Calendula officinalis ) in growth medium prepared from 75% (vol.) composted willow ( Salix sp.) sawdust (WS), with or without additional nitrogen (N) (4% w/w) during composting, and 25% (vol.) perlite was examined”
e4“In a further study, increasing the proportion of N‐enriched composted WS in perlite from 25% to 75% did not affect total dry matter, plant height, or flower number per plant of ‘Fiesta Gitana’ calendula or ‘Perfection Gold’ marigold ( Tagetes erecta ) compared to values achieved in the sphagnum peat:perlite (75:25, vol.) control medium”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N-enriched composted willow sawdust from 25% to 75% in perlite did not affect total dry matter, height or flower number of marigold.
- Taxon
- Tagetes erecta
Tagetes erectae4 - Material
- Perfection Golde4
- Treatment
- increasing the proportion of N‐enriched composted WS in perlite from 25% to 75%e4
- Outcome
- total dry matter, plant height, or flower number per plante4
- Direction
- did not affecte4
- Comparator
- sphagnum peat:perlite (75:25, vol.) control mediume4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“In a further study, increasing the proportion of N‐enriched composted WS in perlite from 25% to 75% did not affect total dry matter, plant height, or flower number per plant of ‘Fiesta Gitana’ calendula or ‘Perfection Gold’ marigold ( Tagetes erecta ) compared to values achieved in the sphagnum peat:perlite (75:25, vol.) control medium”
Claim · model-written summary
Calendula flower diameter decreased when N-enriched composted willow sawdust exceeded 50% of the medium.
- Taxon
- Calendula officinalisCalendula officinalise1
- Treatment
- N‐enriched composted WS exceeded 50%e5
- Outcome
- flower diametere5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Growth of ‘Fiesta Gitana’ calendula ( Calendula officinalis ) in growth medium prepared from 75% (vol.) composted willow ( Salix sp.) sawdust (WS), with or without additional nitrogen (N) (4% w/w) during composting, and 25% (vol.) perlite was examined”
e5“Since flower diameter decreased in both species when the N‐enriched composted WS exceeded 50%, we suggest that this “waste” product can substitute for all the sphagnum peat, but should not exceed 50% volume in a perlite mixture”
Claim · model-written summary
Tagetes erecta flower diameter decreased when N-enriched composted willow sawdust exceeded 50% of the medium.
- Taxon
- Tagetes erectaTagetes erectae4
- Treatment
- N‐enriched composted WS exceeded 50%e5
- Outcome
- flower diametere5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“In a further study, increasing the proportion of N‐enriched composted WS in perlite from 25% to 75% did not affect total dry matter, plant height, or flower number per plant of ‘Fiesta Gitana’ calendula or ‘Perfection Gold’ marigold ( Tagetes erecta ) compared to values achieved in the sphagnum peat:perlite (75:25, vol.) control medium”
e5“Since flower diameter decreased in both species when the N‐enriched composted WS exceeded 50%, we suggest that this “waste” product can substitute for all the sphagnum peat, but should not exceed 50% volume in a perlite mixture”
Claim · model-written summary
Composted willow sawdust can substitute for all the sphagnum peat in the growing medium.
- Taxon
- Calendula officinalisCalendula officinalise1
- Outcome
- can substitute for all the sphagnum peate5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Growth of ‘Fiesta Gitana’ calendula ( Calendula officinalis ) in growth medium prepared from 75% (vol.) composted willow ( Salix sp.) sawdust (WS), with or without additional nitrogen (N) (4% w/w) during composting, and 25% (vol.) perlite was examined”
e5“Since flower diameter decreased in both species when the N‐enriched composted WS exceeded 50%, we suggest that this “waste” product can substitute for all the sphagnum peat, but should not exceed 50% volume in a perlite mixture”
Claim · model-written summary
Composted willow sawdust should not exceed 50% volume in a perlite mixture.
- Taxon
- Calendula officinalisCalendula officinalise1
- Outcome
- should not exceed 50% volumee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Growth of ‘Fiesta Gitana’ calendula ( Calendula officinalis ) in growth medium prepared from 75% (vol.) composted willow ( Salix sp.) sawdust (WS), with or without additional nitrogen (N) (4% w/w) during composting, and 25% (vol.) perlite was examined”
e5“Since flower diameter decreased in both species when the N‐enriched composted WS exceeded 50%, we suggest that this “waste” product can substitute for all the sphagnum peat, but should not exceed 50% volume in a perlite mixture”
The same questions in other papers
growing medium · growth · Tagetes erecta (African marigold)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
growing medium · growth · Calendula officinalis (pot marigold)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
fertilization · growth · Calendula officinalis (pot marigold)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →fertilization · growth · Tagetes erecta (African marigold)Positive and negative results
47 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
44 papers more in this group
See all 48 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.