Abstract
Abstract Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of continuous application of herbicide on weed growth and yield of rice‐rice‐pulse cropping sequence over nine cropping seasons. The dominant weed species were Marselia quadrifolia, Echinochloa crus‐galli, Cyperus difformis and Monochoria vaginalis. In hand weeded plots M. quadrifolia and the annual grass E. crus‐galli were dominant in the early crops; E. crus‐galli dominated in the later crops, with a shift to M. vaginalis in dicots. Annual application of herbicides caused a population shift from dicots to monocots, particularly grasses. Among grasses, Leptochloa chinensis , a difficult weed to control replaced dicots and reduced E. crus‐galli. Combined chemical treatment and manual weeding as well as manual weeding controlled the weed growth and maintained the yield of rice throughout the period of study.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Marselia quadrifolia, Echinochloa crus-galli, Cyperus difformis and Monochoria vaginalis were dominant weeds.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Outcome
- dominant weed speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The dominant weed species were Marselia quadrifolia, Echinochloa crus‐galli, Cyperus difformis and Monochoria vaginalis.”
t0“Rice Based Cropping System”
Claim · model-written summary
In hand weeded plots, M. quadrifolia and E. crus-galli dominated early crops.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- hand weeded plotse0
- Interactor
- M. quadrifoliae0weed
- Second interactor
- E. crus‐gallie0weed
- Outcome
- dominant in the early cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In hand weeded plots M. quadrifolia and the annual grass E. crus‐galli were dominant in the early crops”
t0“Rice Based Cropping System”
Claim · model-written summary
E. crus-galli dominated later crops in hand weeded plots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- E. crus‐gallie0weed
- Outcome
- dominated in the later cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“E. crus‐galli dominated in the later crops”
t0“Rice Based Cropping System”
Claim · model-written summary
The dominant dicot shifted to M. vaginalis in later crops.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- M. vaginalise0weed
- Outcome
- shift to M. vaginalise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with a shift to M. vaginalis in dicots”
t0“Rice Based Cropping System”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual herbicide application shifted weed populations from dicots toward monocots, particularly grasses.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Annual application of herbicidese0
- Outcome
- population shift from dicots to monocotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Annual application of herbicides caused a population shift from dicots to monocots, particularly grasses.”
t0“Rice Based Cropping System”
Claim · model-written summary
Leptochloa chinensis replaced dicots under herbicide application.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- Leptochloa chinensis
Dinebra chinensise0weed - Outcome
- replaced dicotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among grasses, Leptochloa chinensis , a difficult weed to control replaced dicots”
t0“Rice Based Cropping System”
Claim · model-written summary
Leptochloa chinensis reduced E. crus-galli.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- E. crus‐gallie0weed
- Second interactor
- Leptochloa chinensisDinebra chinensise0weed
- Outcome
- reduced E. crus‐gallie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leptochloa chinensis , a difficult weed to control replaced dicots and reduced E. crus‐galli”
t0“Rice Based Cropping System”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined chemical and manual weeding controlled weed growth and maintained rice yield through the study.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Combined chemical treatment and manual weedinge0
- Outcome
- controlled the weed growth and maintained the yield of ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined chemical treatment and manual weeding as well as manual weeding controlled the weed growth and maintained the yield of rice throughout the period of study.”
Claim · model-written summary
Manual weeding controlled weed growth and maintained rice yield through the study.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- manual weedinge0
- Outcome
- controlled the weed growth and maintained the yield of ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“manual weeding controlled the weed growth and maintained the yield of rice throughout the period of study.”