Abstract
Oats, flax and barley were sprayed with various formulations of MCP (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) at a number of Experimental Farms in Western Canada in 1954 and 1955. Each formulation was applied at 4 and 8 ounces of acid equivalent per acre at each of two dates, viz., Date 1, when the weeds were in the seedling stage less than 3 inches in height; and Date 2, at a stage coinciding with the first appearance of buds on the major weed species.Stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense, L.), wild mustard (Brassica kaber (DC.) L.C. Wheeler var. pinnatifida (Stokes) L.C. Wheeler), lamb's quarters (Chenopodium album L.), Russian pigweed (Axyris amarantoides L.), and ball mustard (Neslia paniculata L.), were effectively controlled by each of the MCP and 2,4-D formulations used. Russian thistle (Salsola kali L.), and red-root pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), were not satisfactorily controlled by MCP, whereas hemp nettle (Galeopsis tetrahit L.) was not controlled by 2,4-D. Wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.) was not controlled by any of the treatments. Each treatment was more effective when applied during the seedling stage of the weeds.On the basis of wood control and yield of grain the results of this study favour the use of MCP over 2,4-D with either oats or flax. Oats was significantly more tolerant to MCP, particularly if treated during the early growth stages when weed competition was most critical. With flax, the difference in tolerance was most pronounced in favour of MCP at the later date of treatment. The 2,4-D ester and low volatile ester resulted in a preponderance of plant deformities, lowered the yields of both oats and flax and delayed the maturity of flax significantly. Barley yields in this study were not adversely affected by any of the treatments.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
MCP and 2,4-D formulations controlled five weed species.
- Taxon
- Oats
Avena sativae1 - Treatment
- MCP and 2,4-D formulationse0
- Outcome
- effectively controllede0
- Direction
- effectively controllede0
.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
CleomellaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense, L.), wild mustard (Brassica kaber (DC.) L.C. Wheeler var. pinnatifida (Stokes) L.C. Wheeler), lamb's quarters (Chenopodium album L.), Russian pigweed (Axyris amarantoides L.), and ball mustard (Neslia paniculata L.), were effectively controlled by each of the MCP and 2,4-D formulations used.”
e1“Oats, flax and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
MCP did not satisfactorily control Russian thistle and red-root pigweed.
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- MCPe0
- Interactor
- Russian thistle
Salsola traguse0weed - Outcome
- Russian thistlee0
- Direction
- not satisfactorily controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Russian thistle (Salsola kali L.), and red-root pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), were not satisfactorily controlled by MCP”
e1“Oats, flax and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D did not control hemp nettle.
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- 2,4-De0
- Interactor
- hemp nettlee0weed
- Outcome
- hemp nettlee0
- Direction
- not controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hemp nettle (Galeopsis tetrahit L.) was not controlled by 2,4-D”
e1“Oats, flax and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
No treatment controlled wild buckwheat.
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- any of the treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Wild buckwheat
Fallopia convolvuluse0weed - Outcome
- Wild buckwheate0
- Direction
- not controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.) was not controlled by any of the treatments”
e1“Oats, flax and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments controlled weeds more effectively at the seedling stage.
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativae1
- Organ / stage
- seedling stagee0
- Treatment
- Each treatmente0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- more effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Each treatment was more effective when applied during the seedling stage of the weeds”
e1“Oats, flax and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
MCP was favored over 2,4-D for weed control and grain yield in oats and flax.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae0
- Outcome
- favour the use of MCP over 2,4-De0
- Comparator
- 2,4-De0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the results of this study favour the use of MCP over 2,4-D with either oats or flax”
Claim · model-written summary
Oats were significantly more tolerant to MCP, particularly at early growth stages.
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativae0
- Organ / stage
- early growth stagese0
- Treatment
- MCPe0
- Outcome
- tolerante0
- Direction
- more tolerante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oats was significantly more tolerant to MCP, particularly if treated during the early growth stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Flax tolerance favored MCP most at the later treatment date.
- Taxon
- flax
Linum usitatissimume0 - Treatment
- MCPe0
- Outcome
- tolerancee0
- Direction
- most pronounced in favoure0
- Qualifier
- later date of treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With flax, the difference in tolerance was most pronounced in favour of MCP at the later date of treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D esters caused plant deformities.
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- 2,4-D ester and low volatile estere0
- Outcome
- plant deformitiese0
- Direction
- preponderancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 2,4-D ester and low volatile ester resulted in a preponderance of plant deformities”
e1“Oats, flax and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D esters lowered oat and flax yields.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D ester and low volatile estere0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 2,4-D ester and low volatile ester resulted in a preponderance of plant deformities, lowered the yields of both oats and flax”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D esters significantly delayed flax maturity.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D ester and low volatile estere0
- Outcome
- maturitye0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 2,4-D ester and low volatile ester resulted in a preponderance of plant deformities, lowered the yields of both oats and flax and delayed the maturity of flax significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley yield was not adversely affected by treatments.
- Taxon
- Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- any of the treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- not adversely affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Barley yields in this study were not adversely affected by any of the treatments”
The same questions in other papers
2,4-D · phenology · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
ester · phenology · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
2,4-D · yield · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →ester · yield · Avena sativa (oats)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.